申命记第24章

《圣经》申命记-第24章

申24:1 “人若娶妻以后，见她有什么不合理的事，不喜悦她，就可以写休书交在她手中，打发她离开夫家。 (串)太5:31;19:7可10:4赛50:1耶3:8

†[吕]“人娶了妻、做了那女人的丈夫以后、若因发现妻子有丑事，以致妻子在他眼中不蒙恩爱，他便给她写了离婚书交在她手中，打发她离开他的家；

†[思]如果一人娶了妻，占有她之后，在她身上发现了什么难堪的事，因而不喜悦她，便给她写了休书，交在她手中，叫她离开他的家，

†[当代]“倘若有人娶了妻子，后来却发觉妻子行为不检，使他很不满意；这人可以写一纸离婚书给她，打发她离去。

†[新译]“人娶了妻子，得着她以后，如果发现她有丑事，以致不喜悦她，他就可以给她写休书，交在她手里，叫她离开夫家；

†[Wlb]人娶妻后、见其有疵、而不之悦、当书离书、付于其手、使出其家、

†[Xdv]“假使人娶了妻子后发现她有可耻行为而不喜欢她（或译：……后发现有些事使他不喜欢她），写了休书给她，叫她离开；

†[Kjv]When a man hath taken a wife, and married her, and it come to pass that she find no favour in his eyes, because he hath found some uncleanness in her: then let him write her a bill of divorcement, and give it in her hand, and send her out of his house.

†[Nkjv]"When a man takes a wife and marries her, and it happens that she finds no favor in his eyes because he has found some uncleanness in her, and he writes her a certificate of divorce, puts it in her hand, and sends her out of his house,

†[BBE]If a man takes a wife, and after they are married she is unpleasing to him because of some bad quality in her, let him give her a statement in writing and send her away from his house.

†[GNT] "Suppose a man marries a woman and later decides that he doesn't want her, because he finds something about her that he doesn't like. So he writes out divorce papers, gives them to her, and sends her away from his home.

†[NIV]If a man marries a woman who becomes displeasing to him because he finds something indecent about her, and he writes her a certificate of divorce, gives it to her and sends her from his house,

本会注释　　不合理的事。直译为“裸露”，喻指“羞愧”或“羞辱”，象这里所指。她所犯的罪不可能是奸淫，因为那是要处以死刑的（申22:22；参太19:9）。这只是丈夫认为不得体或不光彩的行为。犹太人将摩西的这个诫命理解为一个人几乎可以因任何理由休妻（太19:3,7）。但基督解释说，上帝的旨意并非是叫人如此轻率地离婚（太19:4-6），而且这个规定只是因为他们“心硬”才被制定的（太19:8）。
　　休书。直译为“分离的字据”。
　　交在她手中。要有一个正式手续，可能是在证人面前，以便使之具有法律效力并且无可非议。
　　打发她离开。另一个正式的手续。丈夫大概有义务至少为她提供送她平安地回父家所需的资财（见创21:14；参申15:13）。

申24:2 妇人离开夫家以后，可以去嫁别人。

†[吕]那妇人离开他家以后，去跟着别人；

†[思]而这女子走出了他的家，又去嫁给了另一人为妻，

†[当代]倘若这妇人再次结婚，

†[新译]她离开夫家以后，就可以去再嫁别人。

†[Wlb]既出之后、则可他适、

†[Xdv]假使这女子离开后再跟别人结婚，

†[Kjv]And when she is departed out of his house, she may go and be another man's wife.

†[Nkjv]when she has departed from his house, and goes and becomes another man's wife,

†[BBE]And when she has gone away from him, she may become another man's wife.

†[GNT] Then suppose she marries another man,

†[NIV]and if after she leaves his house she becomes the wife of another man,

本会注释　　可以去。她的正式离去等于公开宣布，她已不再是那人的妻子，因此可以随意地再婚。“分离的字据”，完全解除了婚姻。

申24:3 后夫若恨恶她，写休书交在她手中，打发她离开夫家，或是娶她为妻的后夫死了，

†[吕]这以后的丈夫也不爱她，也给她写了离婚书，交在她手中，打发她离开他的家；或者娶她为妻的这以后的丈夫死了；

†[思]如果后夫又憎恶她给她写了休书，交在她手中，叫她离开他的家，或者娶她为妻的后夫死了，

†[当代]而她的第二任丈夫又把她休弃，又或者这位丈夫不幸死去，

†[新译]如果后夫又恨她，也给她写休书，交在她手里，叫她离开他的家；或者娶她为妻的后夫死了；

†[Wlb]如其后夫亦不之悦、付以离书而出之、或后夫死、

†[Xdv]而第二个丈夫也不喜欢她，写休书给她，叫她离开；或者，这个丈夫死了；

†[Kjv]And if the latter husband hate her, and write her a bill of divorcement, and giveth it in her hand, and sendeth her out of his house; or if the latter husband die, which took her to be his wife;

†[Nkjv]if the latter husband detests her and writes her a certificate of divorce, puts it in her hand, and sends her out of his house, or if the latter husband dies who took her as his wife,

†[BBE]And if the second husband has no love for her and, giving her a statement in writing, sends her away; or if death comes to the second husband to whom she was married;

†[GNT] and he also decides that he doesn't want her, so he also writes out divorce papers, gives them to her, and sends her away from his home. Or suppose her second husband dies.

†[NIV]and her second husband dislikes her and writes her a certificate of divorce, gives it to her and sends her from his house, or if he dies,

申24:4 打发她去的前夫不可在妇人玷污之后再娶她为妻，因为这是耶和华所憎恶的；不可使耶和华你上帝所赐为业之地被玷污了。 (串)耶3:1

†[吕]那么、打发她出来的这以前的丈夫就不可在妇人这样蒙了不洁以后、再娶她为妻，因为这是永恒主面前可厌恶的事；你不可使永恒主你的上帝所赐给你为产业的地蒙受罪污。

†[思]那么，那休她的前夫，在她受了污辱之后，不能再娶她为妻，因为这在上主面前是可憎恶的事；你不可使上主你的天主赐给你作产业的土地陷于罪恶。

†[当代]先前的那位丈夫不可重娶这妇人为妻，因为她已被玷污；这在主面前是可憎的，切不要把罪恶带到主你们上帝给你们的地上。

†[新译]那么，叫她离开的前夫，不可在她受了污辱以后，再娶她为妻，因为这在耶和华面前是可厌可恶的事；你不可使耶和华你的　神赐给你作产业的土地蒙受罪污。

†[Wlb]其前夫既出之、为人所玷、勿复娶之、此乃耶和华所恶者、尔上帝耶和华所赐为业之地、不可污之、

†[Xdv]无论在哪一种情形下，她的前夫不得再跟她结婚。因为对她的前夫来说，她已经被玷污了。要是前夫再跟她结婚，便冒犯了上主。你们切不可在上主──你们的上帝要赐给你们的土地上犯了他所厌恶的罪。”

†[Kjv]Her former husband, which sent her away, may not take her again to be his wife, after that she is defiled; for that is abomination before the LORD: and thou shalt not cause the land to sin, which the LORD thy God giveth thee for an inheritance.

†[Nkjv]then her former husband who divorced her must not take her back to be his wife after she has been defiled; for that is an abomination before the LORD, and you shall not bring sin on the land which the LORD your God is giving you as an inheritance.

†[BBE]Her first husband, who had sent her away, may not take her back after she has been wife to another; for that is disgusting to the Lord: and you are not to be a cause of sin in the land which the Lord your God is giving you for your heritage.

†[GNT] In either case, her first husband is not to marry her again; he is to consider her defiled. If he married her again, it would be offensive to the Lord. You are not to commit such a terrible sin in the land that the Lord your God is giving you.

†[NIV]then her first husband, who divorced her, is not allowed to marry her again after she has been defiled. That would be detestable in the eyes of the Lord . Do not bring sin upon the land the Lord your God is giving you as an inheritance.

本会注释　　在妇人玷污之后。和后夫成婚使她对前夫而言成为不洁净的了。对他而言，再娶她就是犯奸淫罪。她对他而言是不合法的（见耶3:1）。
　　使……地被玷污了。就是因着容许道德上的堕落。上帝虽然容忍了一些祂肯定不会认可的事情（见@申14:26@注释），但有些界限是人所不可超过的。“地”时常被拟人化，仿佛它能感受和行动一样（见利18:25；赛24:5）。
　　现今有些人以申24:1-4为依据来支持他们所赞同的“基督教的离婚”。事实上，这几节经文向我们展示了犹太人的家庭生活。娶妻在当时被视为象购置一份财产一样。丈夫对妻子的权威几乎是绝对的。这里所颁布之律法的目的是为了改善希伯来女性的命运。这个律例绝非为了建立或认可一个低下的道德标准，而是代表了一种比当时所认可的残酷习俗高尚得多的道德标准。该律例保证了被休妇女的一定权利，并且实际上防止她被人视为淫妇和被遗弃的人。她离开了前夫的家，成为一个自由的女人和受人尊敬的社会成员，有资格建立一个值得尊敬的婚姻。离婚的文书说明了前夫对她不再有任何合法权利，而且她对他也丝毫不负任何义务──她可以自由地成为另一个人的妻子。她不会因再次结婚而犯奸淫罪，她前夫的权利也不会被侵犯。
　　摩西所制定的离婚律法不是为了废除上帝在创造时为婚姻制度所设的理想，而是因为人的“心硬”（太19:8）。被抛弃之女人的命运是非常凄惨的。休书减轻了她的悲惨命运。这个律例只是承认了当时普遍的现实，并试图加以改善。这个律法只是一种许可，而不是命令。这些周详的规定是为了取消希伯来人显然在与异教民族的交往中学来的简单的离婚程序的。
　　基督强烈反对这种把妻子当作财产的观念（太5:27-32；19:3-9）。这种观念曾给犹太妇女带来极大的不幸和不公。希列学派把“有什么不合理的事”（申24:1）解释为任何可能使丈夫不高兴的事情。该学派提供了基督时代流行的犹太教宗教哲学。比较严格的，但不太出名的煞买学派将“不合理”定义为已被证实的不正派或奸淫之举。在基督的时代，希列学派允许人因一些琐事而离婚，如妻子在公共场合露胳膊、将丈夫的饭烧焦了，或丈夫喜欢上另一个女人。关于这种顺便的态度，约瑟夫写道：“人不论因什么原因想要休妻（其实许多这样的原因都在男人身上），就当书面保证他不再以她为妻。这样，她就可以自由地嫁给另一个丈夫，但在给休书之前，不许她如此做”（《上古史》iv.8.23）。
　　申24:1-4的律例不是设立了离婚制度，而是因人性的缺点和上帝子民当时低下的道德观念而容忍了离婚。要想知道上帝对于婚姻的旨意，人们绝不可抱着申24:1-4不放，而应回到创1:27和2:24，正如耶稣所做的（太5:27-32；19:3-9）。应以当时的背景，而不是我们的背景为依据，来理解摩西为当时的百姓所写的话，而且应时刻想到上帝的理想。基督再次使人注意到上帝在伊甸园所定的理想。第一次的婚姻提供了上帝希望其子民今日效法的典范。

申24:5 “新娶妻之人不可从军出征，也不可托他办理什么公事，可以在家清闲一年，使他所娶的妻快活。 (串)申20:7|箴5:18

†[吕]“新娶妻的人不可出去从军，也不可将任何公务挂在身上，他可以免服公役在家一年，和他所娶的妻子一同欢乐。

†[思]人娶了新妇，不应从军出征，也不可派他担任什么职务；他应在家享受一年自由，使他新娶的妻子快活。

†[当代]“不可叫新婚的人从军出征，也不可使他担负什么责任；一年之内，他可以任意留在家里，使新婚的妻子快乐。”

†[新译]“如果人娶了新妇，不可从军出征，也不可派他担任什么公务，他可以在家赋闲一年，使他所娶的妻子快乐。

†[Wlb]人新娶、不可往战、不可任职、必处于家、历至一年、以悦其妻、

†[Xdv]“不可勉强刚结婚的人服兵役，也不可叫他担任公职；要让他有一年的假期，留在家里，使妻子快乐（或译：与妻子同享闺房之乐）。

†[Kjv]When a man hath taken a new wife, he shall not go out to war, neither shall he be charged with any business: but he shall be free at home one year, and shall cheer up his wife which he hath taken.

†[Nkjv]"When a man has taken a new wife, he shall not go out to war or be charged with any business; he shall be free at home one year, and bring happiness to his wife whom he has taken.

†[BBE]A newly married man will not have to go out with the army or undertake any business, but may be free for one year, living in his house for the comfort of his wife.

†[GNT] "When a man is newly married, he is not to be drafted into military service or any other public duty; he is to be excused from duty for one year, so that he can stay at home and make his wife happy.

†[NIV]If a man has recently married, he must not be sent to war or have any other duty laid on him. For one year he is to be free to stay at home and bring happiness to the wife he has married.

本会注释　　新娶妻。就“刚结婚”（见申20:5-8）。
　　不可从军出征。见申20:7。制定这种尊重婚姻的措施对国家是有利的。这个律例为家庭的稳定提供了时间。更重要的是，在希伯来人看来，这样更能确保延续家系并继承家产的后嗣产生。
　　公事。直译为“任职”，（见民4:23,30,35,39,43；8:24），指任何远离家乡的公共服务。

申24:6 “不可拿人的全盘磨石或是上磨石作当头，因为这是拿人的命作当头。

†[吕]“不可拿人的全盘磨石或是上磨石做当头，因为那是等于拿人的牲命做当头。

†[思]不可拿人的磨，或上面的一块磨石作抵押，因为这无异是拿人的性命作抵押。

†[当代]“不可拿别人的磨磐作钱债的抵押品，因为这是他用以维生的工具。

†[新译]“不可拿人的磨，或是上磨石作抵押，因为这等于拿人的生命作抵押。

†[Wlb]毋取上下磨为质、盖质人之生命也、

†[Xdv]“不可拿债务人的磨石作抵押，因为这等于剥夺了他的生计。

†[Kjv]No man shall take the nether or the upper millstone to pledge: for he taketh a man's life to pledge.

†[Nkjv]"No man shall take the lower or the upper millstone in pledge, for he takes one's living in pledge.

†[BBE]No one is to take, on account of a debt, the stones with which grain is crushed: for in doing so he takes a man's living.

†[GNT] "When you lend someone something, you are not to take as security his millstones used for grinding his grain. This would take away the family's means of preparing food to stay alive.

†[NIV]Do not take a pair of millstones-not even the upper one-as security for a debt, because that would be taking a man's livelihood as security.

本会注释　　全盘磨石，或是上磨石。直译为“两个磨石，或其中之一”。“上磨石”的原文可以指一块石头，或一块磨石（士9:53；撒下11:21）。
　　人的命。就是因拿走他预备食物所必需的东西而危及其家庭的健康。东方的穷人数千年来都生活在饥饿的边缘，象这样表面上看起来微不足道的东西可能会造成极大的悲剧。

申24:7 “若遇见人拐带以色列中的一个弟兄，当奴才待他，或是卖了他，那拐带人的就必治死。这样，便将那恶从你们中间除掉。 (串)出21:16提前1:10|申21:14|申13:5;17:7;19:19林前5:13

†[吕]“若有人被发现把以色列人中的一个族弟兄拐带着走了，去当奴才看待，或是把他卖了，那拐带人的就必须死；这样，你就把那坏事从你中间肃清了。

†[思]若发现一人拐带了以色列子民中的一个兄弟，叫他充当奴隶，或将他贩卖于人，这拐子应处死刑：这样你由中间铲除了这邪恶。

†[当代]倘若有人绑架自己的同胞，奴役他，或把他卖给别人，这绑架别人的便该处死，使罪可以从你们中间除去。

†[新译]“如果发现有人拐带了以色列人的一个兄弟，把他当作奴隶看待，或是把他卖了，那拐带人的就要处死；这样，你就把那恶从你中间除掉。

†[Wlb]如以色列人窃取同族以为奴、或鬻于人、必致之死、以除恶于尔中、

†[Xdv]“谁绑架以色列同胞，强迫他作奴隶，或把他贩卖为奴，谁就该被处死。你们要从你们中间除掉这种恶事。

†[Kjv]If a man be found stealing any of his brethren of the children of Israel, and maketh merchandise of him, or selleth him; then that thief shall die; and thou shalt put evil away from among you.

†[Nkjv]"If a man is found kidnapping any of his brethren of the children of Israel, and mistreats him or sells him, then that kidnapper shall die; and you shall put away the evil from among you.

†[BBE]If a man takes by force one of his countrymen, the children of Israel, using him as his property or getting a price for him, that thief is to be put to death: so you are to put away evil from among you.

†[GNT] "If any of you kidnap Israelites and make them your slaves or sell them into slavery, you are to be put to death. In this way your nation will get rid of this evil.

†[NIV]If a man is caught kidnapping one of his brother Israelites and treats him as a slave or sells him, the kidnapper must die. You must purge the evil from among you.

本会注释　　拐带。见出21:16。绑架和贩卖人口是一种死罪。人身自由在上帝看来是十分宝贵的。奴隶制是对上帝、对社会和对奴隶不可宽恕的冒犯。但奴隶制从远古时期就在东方国家以这样或那样的形式存在了。上帝给以色列人的律法是为了及早消除奴隶制。奴隶制是对一切人权和尊严的侵犯。

申24:8 “在大麻疯的灾病上，你们要谨慎，照祭司利未人一切所指教你们的留意遵行。我怎样吩咐他们，你们要怎样遵行。 (串)利13:1-59;14:1-57

†[吕]“在关于麻疯属灾病上、你要谨慎、照祭司利未人所指教你们的一切事极力谨慎遵行；我怎样吩咐他们，你们就要怎样遵行。

†[思]遇有癞病的情形，应全照肋未司祭指教你们的，谨慎遵行。我怎样吩咐了他们，你们就怎样遵守执行。

†[当代]“倘若有人患上麻疯，你们切要小心遵照祭司所指示的去行，因为我已经把规矩和准则交给他们；

†[新译]“在大痲风的灾病上，你要谨慎自己，照利未支派的祭司指教你们的一切，认真地谨守遵行；我怎样吩咐了他们，你们就要怎样谨守遵行。

†[Wlb]宜慎癞疾、遵行利未人祭司所训之例、我所命祭司者、俱当守之、

†[Xdv]“如果你们犯了传染性的皮肤病，必须照利未祭司吩咐你们的去做；你们要照我给他们的指示，切实遵行。

†[Kjv]Take heed in the plague of leprosy, that thou observe diligently, and do according to all that the priests the Levites shall teach you: as I commanded them, so ye shall observe to do.

†[Nkjv]"Take heed in an outbreak of leprosy, that you carefully observe and do according to all that the priests, the Levites, shall teach you; just as I commanded them, so you shall be careful to do.

†[BBE]In connection with the leper's disease, take care to keep and do every detail of the teaching of the priests, the Levites: as I gave them orders, so you are to do.

†[GNT] "When you are suffering from a dreaded skin disease, be sure to do exactly what the levitical priests tell you; follow the instructions that I have given them.

†[NIV]In cases of leprous [1] diseases be very careful to do exactly as the priests, who are Levites, instruct you. You must follow carefully what I have commanded them.

本会注释　　大麻疯。这是仪文性不洁净的最坏形式，因此要采取最谨慎的预防措施。《利未记》中有两章长篇的论述（13和14章），列举了详细的症状。“灾病”的原意是“打击”。该词原文还用在申17:8；21:5中。

申24:9 当记念出埃及后，在路上，耶和华你上帝向米利暗所行的事。 (串)民12:10-15

†[吕]你要记得你们出了埃及、在路上的时候、永恒主你的上帝向米利暗所行的事。

†[思]你应记得你们出埃及后，在途中，上主你的天主对米黎盎所做的事。

†[当代]当以你们出埃及时，你的主在米利暗身上所做的事为鉴戒。”

†[新译]你当记得你们出了埃及，在路上的时候，耶和华你的　神向米利暗所行的事。

†[Wlb]昔尔出埃及时、尔上帝耶和华在途间、所行于米利暗者、尔当忆之、

†[Xdv]要记住，你们离开埃及后，上主──你们的上帝在旅途中怎样待美莉安。

†[Kjv]Remember what the LORD thy God did unto Miriam by the way, after that ye were come forth out of Egypt.

†[Nkjv]Remember what the LORD your God did to Miriam on the way when you came out of Egypt!

†[BBE]Keep in mind what the Lord your God did to Miriam on the way, when you came out of Egypt.

†[GNT] Remember what the Lord your God did to Miriam as you were coming from Egypt.

†[NIV]Remember what the Lord your God did to Miriam along the way after you came out of Egypt.

本会注释　　米利暗。见民12章。米利暗是以色列的三位杰出领袖之一（弥6:4）。但她却突然得了可怕的大麻疯，并从以色列人的营中被赶出去七天之久（民12:14）。她杰出的地位和她与摩西亲密的关系都不能使她幸免于难。最穷最苦的麻疯病人所得到的待遇和有钱有势的病人是一样严厉的。犹太人一般认为大麻疯都是上帝的处罚，但这样不加区别的看待是不合理的（路13:1-6）。大麻疯是罪的一种表号。属灵的麻疯病只有在耶稣基督里才能得到治愈。

申24:10 “你借给邻舍，不拘是什么，不可进他家拿他的当头。

†[吕]“你借给你的邻舍、不拘所借出的是什么，你总不可进他家去拿取他的抵押品。

†[思]几时你借给你近人什么，不可走进他家索取抵押；

†[当代]“倘若你借了什么东西给人，切不可走进那人的屋里去索取抵押品。

†[新译]“如果你借东西给你的邻舍，不论所借的是什么，总不可走进他的家里去拿抵押。

†[Wlb]如贷于人、勿入其家取质、

†[Xdv]“你们无论借给人什么，不可进他家，拿他要给你们作抵押的衣服；

†[Kjv]When thou dost lend thy brother any thing, thou shalt not go into his house to fetch his pledge.

†[Nkjv]"When you lend your brother anything, you shall not go into his house to get his pledge.

†[BBE]If you let your brother have the use of anything which is yours, do not go into his house and take anything of his as a sign of his debt;

†[GNT] "When you lend someone something, do not go into his house to get the garment he is going to give you as security;

†[NIV]When you make a loan of any kind to your neighbor, do not go into his house to get what he is offering as a pledge.

本会注释　　进他家。这是保护穷人的法律规定。他的家和家产很不值钱，只有极少的必需品。除了房子和田地之外，可能只有衣服、锅瓢和粗劣的磨盘。但即使这样的家庭也要受到尊重，不受侵犯。这样的家庭几乎没有可供借贷的抵押品（见出22:26,27），但却不得横加侮辱。家主要到门口，出示他可以提供的抵押品。出借人不得进入那家，随意取走东西。

申24:11 要站在外面，等那向你借贷的人把当头拿出来交给你。

†[吕]你要站在外面，让那向你借的人把抵押品拿出来给你。

†[思]应站在外面，等那借贷的人把抵押给你拿出来。

†[当代]要在屋外等候那人把抵押品拿出来。

†[新译]你要站在外面，等那向你借贷的人把抵押拿出来给你。

†[Wlb]必立于外、待其携质出以予尔、

†[Xdv]要在外面等，由他亲自把抵押品拿出来交给你们。

†[Kjv]Thou shalt stand abroad, and the man to whom thou dost lend shall bring out the pledge abroad unto thee.

†[Nkjv]You shall stand outside, and the man to whom you lend shall bring the pledge out to you.

†[BBE]But keep outside till he comes out and gives it to you.

†[GNT] wait outside and let him bring it to you himself.

†[NIV]Stay outside and let the man to whom you are making the loan bring the pledge out to you.

本会注释　　要站在外面。上帝在穷苦和卑微的人周围建起了一道围墙。上帝重视穷人的财产权利如同祂对待有财富和地位的人一样。见太18:23-35的比喻。上帝希望基督徒在对待其弟兄时表现出体谅的精神。

申24:12 他若是穷人，你不可留他的当头过夜。

†[吕]他若是个贫困人，你不可留他的抵押品而去睡觉。

†[思]倘若他是个贫苦人，你不可带着他的抵押去睡觉。

†[当代]倘若那人非常穷困，把自己的外袍拿出来，你切不可扣押他的外袍过夜；日落的时候就应当把外袍还给他，好叫他夜里可以用，他因此就祝福你；主你的上帝也因此称你为义。”

†[新译]他若是个穷人，你不可留他的抵押过夜。

†[Wlb]如其人贫、勿留其质越宿、

†[Xdv]如果他是穷人，你们不可把抵押品留到第二天；

†[Kjv]And if the man be poor, thou shalt not sleep with his pledge:

†[Nkjv]And if the man is poor, you shall not keep his pledge overnight.

†[BBE]If he is a poor man, do not keep his property all night;

†[GNT] If he is poor, do not keep it overnight;

†[NIV]If the man is poor, do not go to sleep with his pledge in your possession.

本会注释　　他的当头。外衣可能是那穷人唯一可以用来当作“当头”的值钱东西。拿衣服作为抵押不是罕见的事（申24:17；伯22:6；箴20:16；27:13；摩2:8）。这个当头不得过夜（出22:25,26）。外衣有许多用途（出12:34；士8:25）。关于归还穷人当头的要求，见结18:7,12；33:15。

申24:13 日落的时候，总要把当头还他，使他用那件衣服盖着睡觉，他就为你祝福；这在耶和华你上帝面前就是你的义了。 (串)出22:26|伯29:13;31:20|申6:25

†[吕]日落的时候、你总要把抵押品还给他，让他盖着自己的外衣睡觉，他就给你祝福；这在永恒主你的上帝面前就算为你的仁义了。

†[思]反之，在日落时，务要将抵押还给他，好叫他睡在自己的外衣祝福你；这在上主你的天主面前，算是你的功德。

†[当代]－

†[新译]到了日落的时候，你要把抵押品还给他，好使他可以用自己的衣服盖着睡觉，他就给你祝福，这在耶和华你的　神面前，就算是你的义了。

†[Wlb]日入时、必反之、使其有衣以寝、为尔祝嘏、则尔上帝耶和华必以为义、

†[Xdv]要在当天太阳下山时，还给他，使他可以当被盖。这样，他会感激你们；上主──你们的上帝也会喜欢你们。

†[Kjv]In any case thou shalt deliver him the pledge again when the sun goeth down, that he may sleep in his own raiment, and bless thee: and it shall be righteousness unto thee before the LORD thy God.

†[Nkjv]You shall in any case return the pledge to him again when the sun goes down, that he may sleep in his own garment and bless you; and it shall be righteousness to you before the LORD your God.

†[BBE]But be certain to give it back to him when the sun goes down, so that he may have his clothing for sleeping in, and will give you his blessing: and this will be put to your account as righteousness before the Lord your God.

†[GNT] return it to him each evening, so that he can have it to sleep in. Then he will be grateful, and the Lord your God will be pleased with you.

†[NIV]Return his cloak to him by sunset so that he may sleep in it. Then he will thank you, and it will be regarded as a righteous act in the sight of the Lord your God.

本会注释　　亚伯拉罕的信心使他在上帝面前被算作义。对困苦贫穷的人显示仁慈也同样是上帝所喜悦的（太25:34-36）。人是上帝慈爱和怜悯的对象，祂也希望我们这样对待同胞。“义”字的希伯来原文以阳性和阴性形式都出现过。以色列后来的先知，象摩西在这里一样，用阴性形式来指对困苦贫穷之人的同情和关心。这些穷人依靠上帝而活（诗10:14；72:12）。上帝总是提醒祂的子民说，他们对祂的义务包括关心和照顾这些穷人（参撒上2:8）。但同时，他们不应故意把“善事” 行在人面前行（太6:1）。他们应在耶和华面前为义。

申24:14 “困苦穷乏的雇工，无论是你的弟兄或是在你城里寄居的，你不可欺负他。

†[吕]困苦贫穷的雇工、无论是你的族弟兄、或是寄居在你的地你的城内的、你都不可欺压他。

†[思]贫苦可怜的工，不论是你的一个兄弟，或是你城镇地区内的一个外方人，你不应欺压他，

†[当代]“不要欺压穷苦的雇工，不论是住在你城中的以色列同胞或外族人，你都不可欺压。在日落前就应当把工钱付给他，因为他处境穷困，全赖那点工钱维生；不然，他因这事求告主的时候，罪就要落在你身上了。

†[新译]“困苦贫穷的雇工，无论是你的兄弟，或是寄居在你的地上你的城里的，你都不可欺压他。

†[Wlb]贫乏佣人、或尔同族、或寓于尔邑之宾旅、勿虐待之、

†[Xdv]“困苦、贫穷的雇工，无论是以色列同胞或住在你们当中的外侨，你们都不可剥削他。

†[Kjv]Thou shalt not oppress an hired servant that is poor and needy, whether he be of thy brethren, or of thy strangers that are in thy land within thy gates:

†[Nkjv]"You shall not oppress a hired servant who is poor and needy, whether one of your brethren or one of the aliens who is in your land within your gates.

†[BBE]Do not be hard on a servant who is poor and in need, if he is one of your countrymen or a man from another nation living with you in your land.

†[GNT] "Do not cheat poor and needy hired servants, whether they are Israelites or foreigners living in one of your towns.

†[NIV]Do not take advantage of a hired man who is poor and needy, whether he is a brother Israelite or an alien living in one of your towns.

本会注释　　欺负。直译为“欺骗”。该希伯来词语还用在利19:13；撒上12:3,4；利6:2,4。
　　雇工。见利19:13；耶22:13；玛3:5；雅5:4。
　　寄居的。天生的犹太人和皈依犹太教的人之间不应有任何的区别（利19:34）。

申24:15 要当日给他工价，不可等到日落，因为他穷苦，把心放在工价上，恐怕他因你求告耶和华，罪便归你了。 (串)利19:13耶22:13玛3:5雅5:4|申15:9

†[吕]你要当天发给他工价，不可等到日落才给他──因为他贫困，他心直挂念着那工钱──恐怕他呼求永恒主而控告你，你就有了罪。

†[思]应在当天，交给他工钱，不要等到日落；因为他贫苦，他急需工钱用，免得他对你不满而呼求上主，你就不免有罪了。

†[当代]－

†[新译]你要当日给他工钱，不可等到日落，因为他贫穷，把心放在工钱上，免得他对你不满而呼求耶和华，你就有罪了。

†[Wlb]届期必给以值、勿至日没、以其贫乏、厥心在此、恐其吁耶和华、致罪归尔、

†[Xdv]要在太阳下山以前付给他当天的工资，因为他需要钱；他靠工资维持生活。如果你们不付给他，他向上主控诉，你们就有罪了。

†[Kjv]At his day thou shalt give him his hire, neither shall the sun go down upon it; for he is poor, and setteth his heart upon it: lest he cry against thee unto the LORD, and it be sin unto thee.

†[Nkjv]Each day you shall give him his wages, and not let the sun go down on it, for he is poor and has set his heart on it; lest he cry out against you to the LORD, and it be sin to you.

†[BBE]Give him his payment day by day, not keeping it back over night; for he is poor and his living is dependent on it; and if his cry against you comes to the ears of the Lord, it will be judged as sin in you.

†[GNT] Each day before sunset pay them for that day's work; they need the money and have counted on getting it. If you do not pay them, they will cry out against you to the Lord, and you will be guilty of sin.

†[NIV]Pay him his wages each day before sunset, because he is poor and is counting on it. Otherwise he may cry to the Lord against you, and you will be guilty of sin.

本会注释　　工价。按时发工资和守安息日或交十分之一一样，都是上帝的要求。这不是善行，而是义务。见葡萄园雇工的比喻（太20:1,2,8）。
　　把心放在。直译为“心里指望”。他仅能糊口，没有任何积蓄。

申24:16 “不可因子杀父，也不可因父杀子；凡被杀的都为本身的罪。 (串)王下14:6代下25:4耶31:29,30结18:20

†[吕]“父亲不可因儿子的缘故而被处死，儿女也不可因父亲的缘故而被处死：各人只要各因自己的罪而被处死。

†[思]不可为儿子的罪处死父亲，亦不可为父亲的罪处死儿子：每人应为自己的罪被处死刑。

†[当代]“不可为儿子的缘故处死父亲。也不可为父亲的缘故处死儿子；各人的死罪，要由自己承担。”

†[新译]“不可因儿子的罪处死父亲，也不可因父亲的罪处死儿子；各人要因自己的罪被处死。

†[Wlb]毋因子而杀父、毋因父而杀子、惟依其罪、而杀其人、

†[Xdv]“父母不该因儿女所犯的罪被处死；儿女也不该因父母所犯的罪被处死。各人只担当自己所犯的罪。

†[Kjv]The fathers shall not be put to death for the children, neither shall the children be put to death for the fathers: every man shall be put to death for his own sin.

†[Nkjv]"Fathers shall not be put to death for their children, nor shall children be put to death for their fathers; a person shall be put to death for his own sin.

†[BBE]Fathers are not to be put to death for their children or children for their fathers: every man is to be put to death for the sin which he himself has done.

†[GNT] "Parents are not to be put to death for crimes committed by their children, and children are not to be put to death for crimes committed by their parents; people are to be put to death only for a crime they themselves have committed.

†[NIV]Fathers shall not be put to death for their children, nor children put to death for their fathers; each is to die for his own sin.

本会注释　　凡被杀的。在异教国家中因一人的罪而株连全家的事并不希奇（见但6:24）。但上帝却要犯罪的人自己承担全部的罪责（王下14:6；结18:10-24）。圣经在罪的处罚，（另见罗6:23），和犯罪的自然后果（出20:5）之间划出了一条清楚的界线，就象这里一样

申24:17 “你不可向寄居的和孤儿屈枉正直，也不可拿寡妇的衣裳作当头。 (串)申10:18赛1:23耶5:28|出23:6申16:19;27:19|出22:21,22|本章6,13伯24:3

†[吕]“你不可向寄居的和孤儿屈枉正直，也不可拿寡妇的衣裳作当头。

†[思]不可侵犯外方人或孤儿的权利，不可拿寡妇的衣服作抵押；

†[当代]“你要按公义对待外来的人和孤儿，切不可取寡妇的衣物作抵押，

†[新译]“你不可向寄居的和孤儿屈枉正直，也不可拿寡妇的衣服作抵押。

†[Wlb]宾旅与孤、勿反其正、勿以嫠衣为质、

†[Xdv]“不可剥夺外侨或孤儿的权利；也不可拿寡妇的衣服作抵押。

†[Kjv]Thou shalt not pervert the judgment of the stranger, nor of the fatherless; nor take a widow's raiment to pledge:

†[Nkjv]"You shall not pervert justice due the stranger or the fatherless, nor take a widow's garment as a pledge.

†[BBE]Be upright in judging the cause of the man from a strange country and of him who has no father; do not take a widow's clothing on account of a debt:

†[GNT] "Do not deprive foreigners and orphans of their rights; and do not take a widow's garment as security for a loan.

†[NIV]Do not deprive the alien or the fatherless of justice, or take the cloak of the widow as a pledge.

本会注释　　屈枉正直。见出22:22-24。
　　寡妇的衣裳。见伯24:3。即使是对待最无助的人，也要公正。寄居的、寡妇、孤儿和无助的人都应完全受到律法的保护（见太18:28-35）。

申24:18 要记念你在埃及作过奴仆。耶和华你的上帝从那里将你救赎，所以我吩咐你这样行。 (串)申5:15;15:15;16:12

†[吕]要记得你在埃及做过奴隶，永恒主你的上帝将你从那里赎救出来；所以我吩咐你要遵行这话。

†[思]应记得你在埃及曾做过奴隶，上主你的天主曾将你由那救出：为此我吩咐你应遵行这条命令。

†[当代]要记得你们也曾在埃及作过奴隶，但主你的上帝拯救了你，所以我给你这条命令。

†[新译]你要记住你在埃及作过奴仆，耶和华你的　神把你从那里救赎出来；所以我吩咐你要遵行这话。

†[Wlb]当忆昔在埃及、尔为奴隶、尔上帝耶和华赎尔以出、故我命尔行此、

†[Xdv]要记住，你们在埃及作过奴隶。上主──你们的上帝释放了你们，所以我命令你们遵行这诫命。

†[Kjv]But thou shalt remember that thou wast a bondman in Egypt, and the LORD thy God redeemed thee thence: therefore I command thee to do this thing.

†[Nkjv]But you shall remember that you were a slave in Egypt, and the LORD your God redeemed you from there; therefore I command you to do this thing.

†[BBE]But keep in mind that you were a servant in the land of Egypt, and the Lord your God made you free: for this is why I give you orders to do this.

†[GNT] Remember that you were slaves in Egypt and that the Lord your God set you free; that is why I have given you this command.

†[NIV]Remember that you were slaves in Egypt and the Lord your God redeemed you from there. That is why I command you to do this.

本会注释　　你……作过奴仆。见利19:33,34。自己受过压迫的压迫者应受到加倍的谴责。

申24:19 “你在田间收割庄稼，若忘下一捆，不可回去再取，要留给寄居的与孤儿寡妇。这样，耶和华你上帝必在你手里所办的一切事上赐福与你。 (串)利19:9;23:22|申14:29

†[吕]“你在田地里收割庄稼、若把一捆遗漏在田间，不可再回去拿；那要给寄居的和孤儿寡妇；好使永恒主你的上帝在你手里作的一切事上赐福与你。

†[思]当你在田间收割庄稼时，如在田中忘下了一捆，不要再回去拾取，要留下给外方人、孤儿和寡妇，好叫上主你的天主在你做的一切事上祝福你。

†[当代]“倘若你在田里收割谷物时遗下一捆没有带回来，就不要回去取了，把它留下给那些孤儿、寡妇和外来的人吧；这样，主你们的上帝就要赐福与你，兴旺你所做的一切。

†[新译]“你在田间收割庄稼的时候，如果遗留一捆在田里，就不可再回去拾取，要留给寄居的、孤儿和寡妇；好使耶和华你的　神，在你手里所办的一切事上，赐福给你。

†[Wlb]尔刈田禾、若遗一束、勿返取、当留与宾旅及孤寡、致尔上帝耶和华于尔凡百所为、锡嘏于尔、

†[Xdv]“你们收割而忘记带回家的谷物，不可转回去拿；要留在田里，让外侨、孤儿，和寡妇拾取。这样，上主──你们的上帝会事事赐福给你们。

†[Kjv]When thou cuttest down thine harvest in thy field, and hast forgot a sheaf in the field, thou shalt not go again to fetch it: it shall be for the stranger, for the fatherless, and for the widow: that the LORD thy God may bless thee in all the work of thin

†[Nkjv]"When you reap your harvest in your field, and forget a sheaf in the field, you shall not go back to get it; it shall be for the stranger, the fatherless, and the widow, that the LORD your God may bless you in all the work of your hands.

†[BBE]When you get in the grain from your field, if some of the grain has been dropped by chance in the field, do not go back and get it, but let it be for the man from a strange land, the child without a father, and the widow: so that the blessing of the Lord

†[GNT] "When you gather your crops and fail to bring in some of the grain that you have cut, do not go back for it; it is to be left for the foreigners, orphans, and widows, so that the Lord your God will bless you in everything you do.

†[NIV]When you are harvesting in your field and you overlook a sheaf, do not go back to get it. Leave it for the alien, the fatherless and the widow, so that the Lord your God may bless you in all the work of your hands.

本会注释　　庄稼。上帝制定了很多改善穷人命运的律例（利19:9,10；23:22）。没有土地的人有权在田间、葡萄园和橄榄树林中捡另拾遗。田主可以善意地留下落穗，给穷人带来快乐，减轻他们的困难，同时也让自己高兴（见箴11:24）。

申24:20 你打橄榄树，枝上剩下的，不可再打；要留给寄居的与孤儿寡妇。

†[吕]你打橄榄树以后，枝子不可再查看；那要给寄居的和孤儿寡妇。

†[思]当你打橄榄树时，不要再回去打树枝上所剩的，应留给外方人、孤儿和寡妇。

†[当代]你摇橄榄树的果子时，不要摇尽树上的果实，应该留下一些给那些孤儿、寡妇和外来的人。

†[新译]你打橄榄树以后，枝上剩下的不可再打，要留给寄居的、孤儿和寡妇。

†[Wlb]既扑橄榄、毋得再扑、必归宾旅及孤寡、

†[Xdv]你们采摘橄榄，摘了一次以后，不可再去摘剩下的；要把剩下的留给外侨、孤儿，和寡妇。

†[Kjv]When thou beatest thine olive tree, thou shalt not go over the boughs again: it shall be for the stranger, for the fatherless, and for the widow.

†[Nkjv]When you beat your olive trees, you shall not go over the boughs again; it shall be for the stranger, the fatherless, and the widow.

†[BBE]When you are shaking the fruit from your olive-trees, do not go over the branches a second time: let some be for the man from a strange land, the child without a father, and the widow.

†[GNT] When you have picked your olives once, do not go back and get those that are left; they are for the foreigners, orphans, and widows.

†[NIV]When you beat the olives from your trees, do not go over the branches a second time. Leave what remains for the alien, the fatherless and the widow.

本会注释　　橄榄树。每年收获的时节特别提醒人同情心的价值与美。穷人的存在为我们提供了一个培养慷慨精神的机会。那些在收获的时节，就是在接受大自然慷慨礼物的时侯仍硬着心肠的人，在其他时候也不太可能慷慨解囊。

申24:21 你摘葡萄园的葡萄，所剩下的，不可再摘；要留给寄居的与孤儿寡妇。

†[吕]你割取葡萄园的葡萄以后，所剩下的不可再摘尽了；那要给寄居的和孤儿寡妇。

†[思]当你收获葡萄时，不要再摘取所剩下的，应留给外方人、孤儿和寡妇。

†[当代]采摘葡萄园里的葡萄时也是一样，摘过以后就不要再拾取，剩下来的应该留给那些有需要的人。

†[新译]你收取葡萄园的葡萄以后，剩下的不可再摘，要留给寄居的、孤儿和寡妇。

†[Wlb]既摘葡萄、毋得再摘、必归宾旅及孤寡、

†[Xdv]你们采摘葡萄，摘了一次以后，不可再去摘剩下的；要把剩下的留给外侨、孤儿，和寡妇。

†[Kjv]When thou gatherest the grapes of thy vineyard, thou shalt not glean it afterward: it shall be for the stranger, for the fatherless, and for the widow.

†[Nkjv]When you gather the grapes of your vineyard, you shall not glean it afterward; it shall be for the stranger, the fatherless, and the widow.

†[BBE]When you are pulling the grapes from your vines, do not take up those which have been dropped; let them be for the man from a strange land, the child without a father, and the widow.

†[GNT] When you have gathered your grapes once, do not go back over the vines a second time; the grapes that are left are for the foreigners, orphans, and widows.

†[NIV]When you harvest the grapes in your vineyard, do not go over the vines again. Leave what remains for the alien, the fatherless and the widow.

申24:22 你也要记念你在埃及地作过奴仆，所以我吩咐你这样行。

†[吕]要记得你在埃及地做过奴隶；所以我吩咐你要遵行这话。

†[思]总应记得你在埃及地曾做过奴隶：为此我吩咐你应遵行这条命令。

†[当代]当记得你也曾在埃及作过奴隶，所以我命令你要这样做。”

†[新译]你要记住你在埃及作过奴仆，所以我吩咐你遵行这话。”

†[Wlb]当忆昔在埃及、尔为奴隶、故我命尔行此也、

†[Xdv]要记住，你们在埃及作过奴隶，所以我命令你们遵行这诫命。

†[Kjv]And thou shalt remember that thou wast a bondman in the land of Egypt: therefore I command thee to do this thing.

†[Nkjv]And you shall remember that you were a slave in the land of Egypt; therefore I command you to do this thing.

†[BBE]Keep in mind that you were a servant in the land of Egypt: for this is why I give you orders to do this.

†[GNT] Never forget that you were slaves in Egypt; that is why I have given you this command.

†[NIV]Remember that you were slaves in Egypt. That is why I command you to do this.

本会注释　　记念。见第18节；申15:15。我们自己所经历生活中的艰难和失望，应使我们学会同情那些后来可能与我们有一样遭遇的人。

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