路得记第1章

《圣经》路得记-第1章

得1:1 当士师秉政的时候，国中遭遇饥荒。在犹大、伯利恒，有一个人带着妻子和两个儿子往摩押地去寄居。 (串)士2:16|创12:10;26:1;43:1王下8:1|士17:7

†[吕]当士师执政的日子、犹大地闹饥荒；有一个人从犹大伯利恒往摩押乡间去寄居；他和他妻子跟两个儿子一同去。

†[思]当民长执政时代，国内发生了荒。有个人带了他的妻子和两个儿子，从犹大白冷到摩阿布乡间去侨居。

†[当代]在士师执政的时代，有一次犹大各地发生了饥荒。有一个住在伯利恒的以法他人，名叫以利米勒，带著妻子拿俄米和两个儿子玛伦和基连离开自己的故乡，迁移到摩押，在那里定居下来。

†[新译]在士师统治期间，国内发生了饥荒。有一个人带着妻子和两个儿子，从犹大的伯利恒前往摩押地去，寄居在那里。

†[Wlb]当士师主治时、斯土荐饥、有犹大伯利恒人、与妻及二子、往旅于摩押地、

†[Xdv]很久以前，在士师治理以色列的那段时期，地方上发生了饥荒。

†[Kjv]Now it came to pass in the days when the judges ruled, that there was a famine in the land. And a certain man of Bethlehemjudah went to sojourn in the country of Moab, he, and his wife, and his two sons.

†[Nkjv]Now it came to pass, in the days when the judges ruled, that there was a famine in the land. And a certain man of Bethlehem, Judah, went to dwell in the country of Moab, he and his wife and his two sons.

†[BBE]Now there came a time, in the days of the judges, when there was no food in the land. And a certain man went from Beth-lehem-judah, he and his wife and his two sons, to make a living-place in the country of Moab.

†[GNT] Long ago, in the days before Israel had a king, there was a famine in the land. So a man named Elimelech, who belonged to the clan of Ephrath and who lived in Bethlehem in Judah, went with his wife Naomi and their two sons Mahlon and Chilion to live for

†[NIV]In the days when the judges ruled, there was a famine in the land, and a man from Bethlehem in Judah, together with his wife and two sons, went to live for a while in the country of Moab.

本会注释　　当士师秉政的时候。故事发生在《士师记》所记载的时代。本卷最后告诉我们波阿斯和路得成为大卫的祖先（得4:13-22）。太1:5说波阿斯的母亲是喇合。如果他的母亲就是耶利哥的喇合的话，那么《路得记》故事就发生在士师时代的初期。喇合可能嫁给了一个以色列人，也许就是她所搭救的探子之一。路得来到伯利恒的时候，波阿斯已不再年轻了，因为他称赞她没有跟从“少年人”（得3:10）。以色列人进入迦南可能是在公元前1405年，士师在以色列秉政大约是从约书亚死后开始的，所以本卷的事件可能发生在公元前1300年以前。但也可能要晚得多，否则从波阿斯到大卫的家谱有可能简化了（见@太1:5@；@拉7:1@的注释；关于“父”可以指“祖父”或“祖先”，见@王上15:10@注释）。
　　饥荒。多世纪以来，巴勒斯坦遭受着周期性的旱灾（见@创12:10@注释；又见创26:1；45:5-11）。上帝曾应许“降下时雨”。这个应许既没有实现，暗示了以色列人的背信（利26:3,4；参王上17:1；18:18）。影响犹大的旱灾不一定会影响死海东部的摩押高原。摩押拥有丰富的水源，肥沃的土地和亚热带的植被。他们的语言与希伯来语十分相似。
　　去寄居。与亚伯拉罕（创12:10），以撒（创26:1）和雅各（创46:1-4）这样做的原因一样。
　　摩押。摩押人是罗得的后代，因此与以色列人有亲戚关系。关于他们的起源，见@创19:36,37@注释。关于他们后来与以色列人的关系，见@民22:2-4@注释。

得1:2 这人名叫以利米勒，他的妻名叫拿俄米；他两个儿子，一个名叫玛伦，一个名叫基连，都是犹大伯利恒的以法他人。他们到了摩押地，就住在那里。 (串)创35:16,19得4:11

†[吕]这人名叫以利米勒，他妻子名叫拿俄米，他那两个儿子名叫玛伦基连；都是犹大伯利恒的以法他人；他们到了摩押乡间，就住在那里。

†[思]这人名叫厄里默肋客，他的妻子名叫纳敖米，他的两个儿子：一个名叫玛赫隆，一个名叫基肋雍，是犹大白冷厄弗辣大人。他们到了摩阿布乡间，就住在那。

†[当代]－

†[新译]这个人名叫以利米勒，妻子名叫拿俄米，两个儿子叫玛伦和基连，都是犹大伯利恒的以法他人。他们到了摩押地，就在那里住下来了。

†[Wlb]其人名以利米勒、妻名拿俄米、二子名玛伦、基连、俱为犹大伯利恒之以法他人、至摩押地居焉、

†[Xdv]有一个以法他族人，名叫以利米勒，原住在犹大的伯利恒；他带着妻子拿娥美和两个儿子──玛伦和基连，一起到摩押国，暂时住在那里。他们在那里的时候，

†[Kjv]And the name of the man was Elimelech, and the name of his wife Naomi, and the name of his two sons Mahlon and Chilion, Ephrathites of Bethlehemjudah. And they came into the country of Moab, and continued there.

†[Nkjv]The name of the man was Elimelech, the name of his wife was Naomi, and the names of his two sons were Mahlon and Chilion--Ephrathites of Bethlehem, Judah. And they went to the country of Moab and remained there.

†[BBE]And the name of the man was Elimelech, and the name of his wife Naomi, and the name of his two sons Mahlon and Chilion, Ephrathites of Beth-lehem-judah. And they came into the country of Moab, and were there for some time.

†[GNT] －

†[NIV]The man's name was Elimelech, his wife's name Naomi, and the names of his two sons were Mahlon and Kilion. They were Ephrathites from Bethlehem, Judah. And they went to Moab and lived there.

本会注释　　以利米勒。这个名字的意思是“我的上帝是君王”，反映了以利米勒父母的虔诚，也可能暗示在以利亚勒出生的时候，一些以色列人已经在谈论像周围的国家一样立王的事了。若是这样，这个孩子的父母显然是站在那些承认上帝是以色列唯一合法君王的人一边。
　　拿俄米。成为以利米勒妻子的这位少妇的父母称女儿为“我的快乐”。希伯来父母在生男孩时特别快乐，但这个女孩的父母在她出生时也表达了由衷的高兴。
　　玛伦。关于这个名字的意思有不同的看法，就像他兄弟的名字一样。“玛伦”有一个意思可能是“有病”。有人认为他的早死应验了这个意思。
　　基连。意思可能是“憔悴”。这个孩子和他的弟兄在出生时可能都不壮实。
　　以法他人。以法他是伯利恒的旧名，意为“饼屋”（见@创35:19@和@太1:5@的注释）。故当地居民被称为以法他人。在“伯利恒”前面加上“犹大”是为了与西布伦的伯利恒区别（书19:15）。

得1:3 后来拿俄米的丈夫以利米勒死了，剩下妇人和他两个儿子。

†[吕]后来拿俄米的丈夫以利米勒死了，剩下妇人和那两个儿子。

†[思]后来纳敖米的丈夫厄里默肋客死了，留下了她和她的两个儿子。

†[当代]后来，以利米勒去世，遗下了拿俄米和两个儿子；

†[新译]后来拿俄米的丈夫以利米勒去世了，留下她和两个儿子。

†[Wlb]拿俄米夫以利米勒死、遗其妻及二子、

†[Xdv]以利米勒死了，留下拿娥美和她两个儿子；

†[Kjv]And Elimelech Naomi's husband died; and she was left, and her two sons.

†[Nkjv]Then Elimelech, Naomi's husband, died; and she was left, and her two sons.

†[BBE]And Elimelech, Naomi's husband, came to his end; and only her two sons were with her.

†[GNT] Elimelech died, and Naomi was left alone with her two sons,

†[NIV]Now Elimelech, Naomi's husband, died, and she was left with her two sons.

得1:4 这两个儿子娶了摩押女子为妻，一个名叫俄珥巴，一个名叫路得，在那里住了约有十年。

†[吕]这两个儿子娶了摩押的女子为妻，一个名叫俄珥巴，一个名叫路得，在那里住了约有十年。

†[思]他们都娶了摩阿布女子为妻：一个名叫敖尔帕，一个名叫卢德；他们在那大约住了十年。

†[当代]这两个儿子都跟当地的女子结了婚；基连的妻子名叫俄珥巴，玛伦的妻子名叫路得。他们一起生活，过了差不多十年，两个儿子也相继去世，只剩下拿俄米；没有丈夫，也没有儿子。

†[新译]他们娶了摩押女子作妻子，一个名叫俄耳巴，一个名叫路得。他们在那里住了约有十年。

†[Wlb]二子娶摩押女、一名俄珥巴、一名路得、居彼约十年、

†[Xdv]这两个儿子娶了摩押地方的女孩子──娥珥巴和路得。大约十年后，

†[Kjv]And they took them wives of the women of Moab; the name of the one was Orpah, and the name of the other Ruth: and they dwelled there about ten years.

†[Nkjv]Now they took wives of the women of Moab: the name of the one was Orpah, and the name of the other Ruth. And they dwelt there about ten years.

†[BBE]And they took two women of Moab as their wives: the name of the one was Orpah, and the name of the other Ruth; and they went on living there for about ten years.

†[GNT] who married Moabite women, Orpah and Ruth. About ten years later

†[NIV]They married Moabite women, one named Orpah and the other Ruth. After they had lived there about ten years,

本会注释　　娶了摩押女子为妻。玛伦和基连可能是在父亲去世以后才结婚的。这不单是为了他们自己，也因为他们的妻子可以帮助拿俄米。另外他们所生的儿子也会使已故父亲的名和家系延续下来。
　　俄珥巴。有人认为“俄珥巴”意为“顽梗”。有人认为它来自`ephrah（“幼鹿”或“红色雌鹿”）。但这种解释需要更换字母。该词同源的阿拉伯词根意为“用许多毛发装饰”。
　　路得。“路得”的含义见本卷序言。这个名字在《旧约》其他地方没有出现。

得1:5 玛伦和基连二人也死了，剩下拿俄米，没有丈夫，也没有儿子。

†[吕]玛伦和基连二人也都死了，剩下那妇人、没有儿子，也没有丈夫。

†[思]玛赫隆和基肋雍二人也相继去世，只剩下了那妇人，没有儿子，也没有丈夫。

†[当代]－

†[新译]后来，玛伦和基连二人也死了，留下拿俄米，既没有了两个儿子，又没有了丈夫。

†[Wlb]玛伦基连俱亡、遗拿俄米、无夫、亦无子、

†[Xdv]玛伦和基连也死了，留下拿娥美，没有丈夫，也没有儿子。

†[Kjv]And Mahlon and Chilion died also both of them; and the woman was left of her two sons and her husband.

†[Nkjv]Then both Mahlon and Chilion also died; so the woman survived her two sons and her husband.

†[BBE]And Mahlon and Chilion came to their end; and the woman was without her two sons and her husband.

†[GNT] Mahlon and Chilion also died, and Naomi was left all alone, without husband or sons.

†[NIV]both Mahlon and Kilion also died, and Naomi was left without her two sons and her husband.

本会注释　　剩下。意为“丧失亲人”。没有理由下结论说临到拿俄米的苦难是上帝对罪的刑罚。犹太人普遍认为受苦是因为刑罚（见约9:2）。为要纠正这种错误的观念，摩西写了可能是《旧约》的最早经卷——《约伯记》。在上帝认为摩西已预备好可以领导以色列人以前，摩西已经在米甸旷野经历了40年的失望。同样，拿俄米所受的苦难也是预备她带领路得进入既是象征性的、也是真实的应许之地。上帝可能允许苦难临到，为使我们的品格可以预备好服务并作祂国度的公民。

得1:6 她就与两个儿妇起身，要从摩押地归回；因为她在摩押地听见耶和华眷顾自己的百姓，赐粮食与他们。 (串)出3:16;4:31路1:68|诗132:15

†[吕]她就和那两个儿媳妇起身，要从摩押乡间回来，因为她在摩押乡间听说永恒主怎样眷顾了他的人民，赐粮食给他们。

†[思]于是她便与她的两个儿媳打算从摩阿布乡间起程回家，因为她在摩阿布乡间听说天主垂顾了他的百姓，赐给了他们食粮。

†[当代]拿俄米只好带著两个儿媳妇回故乡犹大去，因为她在摩押听到主赐福给祂的子民，使他们谷物丰收，不用挨饥抵饿。

†[新译]拿俄米还在摩押地的时候，因为听说耶和华眷顾他的子民，赐粮食给他们，就带着两个媳妇动身从摩押地回来。

†[Wlb]在摩押地、闻耶和华垂顾其民、赐之以粮、则起、携其二媳、欲自摩押地归、

†[Xdv]拿娥美还住在摩押的时候，听说上主赐福给他的子民，已经使他们有好收成，就要跟两个媳妇离开摩押回本土去。

†[Kjv]Then she arose with her daughters in law, that she might return from the country of Moab: for she had heard in the country of Moab how that the LORD had visited his people in giving them bread.

†[Nkjv]Then she arose with her daughters-inlaw that she might return from the country of Moab, for she had heard in the country of Moab that the LORD had visited His people by giving them bread.

†[BBE]So she and her daughters-in-law got ready to go back from the country of Moab, for news had come to her in the country of Moab that the Lord, in mercy for his people, had given them food.

†[GNT] Some time later Naomi heard that the Lord had blessed his people by giving them good crops; so she got ready to leave Moab with her daughters-in-law.

†[NIV]When she heard in Moab that the Lord had come to the aid of his people by providing food for them, Naomi and her daughters-in-law prepared to return home from there.

本会注释　　她就起身。即准备离开。拿俄米从她在摩押地所遭受的不幸中起来。当她听说上帝藉着赐下粮食祝福祂的子民时，她就有了勇气。

得1:7 于是她和两个儿妇起行离开所住的地方，要回犹大地去。

†[吕]于是她从她所住的地方出发，两个儿媳妇和她同行；她们便走上了路、要回犹大地来。

†[思]当她和她的两个儿媳，要从寄居的地方出发，取道回犹大故乡的时候，

†[当代]－

†[新译]她离开居住的地方，两个媳妇也随她出发，要回到犹大地去。

†[Wlb]妇离所居、偕其二媳、循途以返犹大、

†[Xdv]她们一起动身回犹大，但是在路上，

†[Kjv]Wherefore she went forth out of the place where she was, and her two daughters in law with her; and they went on the way to return unto the land of Judah.

†[Nkjv]Therefore she went out from the place where she was, and her two daughtersin-law with her; and they went on the way to return to the land of Judah.

†[BBE]And she went out of the place where she was, and her two daughters-in-law with her; and they went on their way to go back to the land of Judah.

†[GNT] They started out together to go back to Judah, but on the way

†[NIV]With her two daughters-in-law she left the place where she had been living and set out on the road that would take them back to the land of Judah.

本会注释　　她起行离开。我们也可以像拿俄米那样起行离开我们所在之处，前往上帝要我们去的地方。我们也可以出发前往天上的迦南。我们出发的时候，也有权利带着那些说“你的国就是我的国，你的上帝就是我的上帝”（16节）的人同去。

得1:8 拿俄米对两个儿妇说：“你们各人回娘家去吧。愿耶和华恩待你们，象你们恩待已死的人与我一样！ (串)书2:12,14士1:24|本章5得2:20

†[吕]拿俄米对两个儿媳妇说：“去吧，你们各回娘家去！愿永恒主恩待你们，像你们待已死者和我一样。

†[思]纳敖米就对她的两个儿媳说：“你们去罢！各自回娘家去！愿上主恩待你们，如同你们待了死者和我一样。

†[当代]在路上，拿俄米对两个媳妇说：“你们还是回娘家去吧！你们对自己的丈夫和我都很好，希望你们可以找到一户好人家，重享家庭之乐。愿主好好待你们，就好像你们善待我和我已死的儿子一样。”拿俄米说完了，就跟她们吻别，

†[新译]拿俄米对两个媳妇说：“去吧，你们还是各自回娘家吧。愿耶和华恩待你们，像你们善待已死的人和我一样。

†[Wlb]拿俄米谓二媳曰、各归母家、愿耶和华恩待尔、如尔之待死者及我然、

†[Xdv]拿娥美对两个媳妇说：“你们各自回娘家去吧！愿上主以仁慈待你们，像你们善待了我和已故的人一样。

†[Kjv]And Naomi said unto her two daughters in law, Go, return each to her mother's house: the LORD deal kindly with you, as ye have dealt with the dead, and with me.

†[Nkjv]And Naomi said to her two daughtersin-law, "Go, return each to her mother's house. The LORD deal kindly with you, as you have dealt with the dead and with me.

†[BBE]And Naomi said to her two daughters-in-law, Go back to your mothers' houses: may the Lord be good to you as you have been good to the dead and to me:

†[GNT] she said to them, "Go back home and stay with your mothers. May the Lord be as good to you as you have been to me and to those who have died.

†[NIV]Then Naomi said to her two daughters-in-law, "Go back, each of you, to your mother's home. May the Lord show kindness to you, as you have shown to your dead and to me.

本会注释　　我们不要误解拿俄米的举动。三个寡妇已经“起行”了（7节）。可能已经到了摩押的边境。拿俄米感到俄珥巴和路得离开家乡和朋友是作出牺牲的。出于对媳妇无私的爱，拿俄米力劝她们回娘家去。东方的风俗要求她们要与她在一起，但她不愿意强迫她们服侍，让她们在异乡开始新的生活，而是给她们有再婚和建立自己家庭的自由。她们不必按照惯例终生照顾死去丈夫的母亲。拿俄米是一个通情达理的婆婆。她甚至不愿勉强她的媳妇去履行对她们的合法要求，而是完全让她们自由作出选择。拿俄米这样做，为所有的婆婆树立了效法的榜样。

得1:9 愿耶和华使你们各在新夫家中得平安！”于是拿俄米与她们亲嘴。她们就放声而哭， (串)得3:1

†[吕]愿永恒主使你们在新丈夫家中各得安身。”于是和她们亲咀，她们就放声而哭，

†[思]愿上主赐你们在新夫家，各得安身！”于是就吻了她们；她们便放声大哭，

†[当代]－

†[新译]愿耶和华使你们各人有机会再嫁（“有机会再嫁”原文作“在丈夫家里”），找到归宿。”跟着亲吻她们，她们就发声大哭，

†[Wlb]愿耶和华赐尔各得绥安于夫家、遂吻之、二媳发声而哭、

†[Xdv]愿上主使你们两人有机会再结婚，都有归宿。”于是，拿娥美吻别她们。两个媳妇就放声大哭，

†[Kjv]The LORD grant you that ye may find rest, each of you in the house of her husband. Then she kissed them; and they lifted up their voice, and wept.

†[Nkjv]The LORD grant that you may find rest, each in the house of her husband." So she kissed them, and they lifted up their voices and wept.

†[BBE]May the Lord give you rest in the houses of your husbands. Then she gave them a kiss; and they were weeping bitterly.

†[GNT] And may the Lord make it possible for each of you to marry again and have a home." So Naomi kissed them good-bye. But they started crying

†[NIV]May the Lord grant that each of you will find rest in the home of another husband." Then she kissed them and they wept aloud

本会注释　　使你们得平安。意为“使你们可以找到一个家”（修订标准版）。拿俄米其余的话不是指她们的娘家，而是指她们自己的家──“各在新夫家”。犹太人说一个女子得到“平安”，是指她嫁人（又见得3:1）。拿俄米接着对媳妇所说的话进一步解释了她的意思。她无法按照娶兄弟寡妻的惯例为她们提供丈夫（见创38:8-11；申25:5-10；太22:23-26）。“平安”的原文是noach，源于动词“定居”，“留下”的动词。Noach在希伯来文中是挪亚。

得1:10 说：“不然，我们必与你一同回你本国去。”

†[吕]对她说：“不，我们一定要同你回你族人那里去。”

†[思]向她说：“我们要同你回到你的民族中去。”

†[当代]她们就放声大哭起来，说：“不！我们要跟你走。”

†[新译]说：“不，我们一定要跟你一起回到你同胞那里去。”

†[Wlb]曰、否、我必与尔偕归尔国、

†[Xdv]对拿娥美说：“不！我们要跟你回到你本族的人那里去。”

†[Kjv]And they said unto her, Surely we will return with thee unto thy people.

†[Nkjv]And they said to her, "Surely we will return with you to your people."

†[BBE]And they said to her, No, but we will go back with you to your people.

†[GNT] and said to her, "No! We will go with you to your people."

†[NIV]and said to her, "We will go back with you to your people."

本会注释　　社会惯例要求两位少妇留在拿俄米身边，服从她的安排。11节和12节还暗示另一惯例，即一个男人应娶他兄弟的寡妻，从而使他兄弟的名字和家系可以延续下来（见申25:5-10）。

得1:11 拿俄米说：“我女儿们哪，回去吧！为何要跟我去呢？我还能生子作你们的丈夫吗？

†[吕]拿俄米说：“我女儿们哪，回去吧！为什么要跟我去呢？难道我腹中还有儿子可以给你们做丈夫么？

†[思]纳敖米回答说：“我的女儿，你们回去罢！为什么要跟我去呢？难道我还能怀妊生子给你们做丈夫吗？

†[当代]但拿俄米说：“为什么跟著我呢？你们还是回娘家去吧，难道我还能生儿子作你们的丈夫吗？

†[新译]拿俄米说：“我女儿啊，你们回去吧，为什么要跟我去呢？我肚子里还有儿子作你们的丈夫吗？

†[Wlb]拿俄米曰、吾女欤、其归哉、曷欲与我偕往、我犹孕子为尔夫乎、

†[Xdv]拿娥美说：“女儿啊，你们还是回去吧！为什么要跟我走呢？我还能再生儿子来作你们的丈夫吗？

†[Kjv]And Naomi said, Turn again, my daughters: why will ye go with me? are there yet any more sons in my womb, that they may be your husbands?

†[Nkjv]But Naomi said, "Turn back, my daughters; why will you go with me? Are there still sons in my womb, that they may be your husbands?

†[BBE]But Naomi said, Go back, my daughters; why will you come with me? Have I more sons in my body, to become your husbands?

†[GNT] "You must go back, my daughters," Naomi answered. "Why do you want to come with me? Do you think I could have sons again for you to marry?

†[NIV]But Naomi said, "Return home, my daughters. Why would you come with me? Am I going to have any more sons, who could become your husbands?

本会注释　　虽然她们有义务去，拿俄米还是暗示由她们自己，而不是由她来作出选择。她含蓄地放弃了要求她们顺服的合法权利，慨然把决定权留给她们。这无疑要她作出重大的牺牲，因为她“年纪老迈，不能再有丈夫”（12节），在通常情况下，会指望这两个少妇供养服侍年老的她。

得1:12 我女儿们哪，回去吧！我年纪老迈，不能再有丈夫；即或说，我还有指望，今夜有丈夫可以生子，

†[吕]我女儿们哪，回去吧；我已经老了、不能再有丈夫。就使我说我还有希望今夜竟有丈夫，也竟能生儿子，

†[思]我的女儿啊，你们回去罢！你们走罢！我已老了，不能再嫁人了；如说我尚又希望，今夜能嫁人，也怀妊生子，

†[当代]我已经老了，不可能再嫁人了，就是我真的再结婚，今天晚上就生儿子，

†[新译]走吧，我女儿啊，你们回去吧，因为我太老，不能嫁人了，就算我说我还有希望今天晚上有个丈夫，又生儿子，

†[Wlb]我女欤、其归哉、我年已迈、不复有夫、如曰我尚有望、是夜得夫、且能诞子、

†[Xdv]回去吧！我的女儿，走吧！我已经太老，不能再结婚了。就算我还有一点希望，能在今晚结婚，而且会生儿子，

†[Kjv]Turn again, my daughters, go your way; for I am too old to have an husband. If I should say, I have hope, if I should have an husband also to night, and should also bear sons;

†[Nkjv]Turn back, my daughters, go--for I am too old to have a husband. If I should say I have hope, if I should have a husband tonight and should also bear sons,

†[BBE]Go back, my daughters, and go on your way; I am so old now that I may not have another husband. If I said, I have hopes, if I had a husband tonight, and might have sons,

†[GNT] Go back home, for I am too old to get married again. Even if I thought there was still hope, and so got married tonight and had sons,

†[NIV]Return home, my daughters; I am too old to have another husband. Even if I thought there was still hope for me-even if I had a husband tonight and then gave birth to sons-

本会注释　　回去吧。拿俄米第三次要俄珥巴和路得回去（见8,11节）。拿俄米说话是当真的。这一次说服了俄珥巴（14节）。但就是到第四次提出要求时，路得还是拒绝了（15节）。
　　我年纪老迈。拿俄米显然感到自己年老体衰，无法再建立家庭，养育子女。她的生活失去了希望（见20节）。但她还是推辞了自己应得的份。她要自力更生，并信靠上帝的供养（见诗37:25）。

得1:13 你们岂能等着他们长大呢？你们岂能等着他们不嫁别人呢？我女儿们哪，不要这样。我为你们的缘故甚是愁苦，因为耶和华伸手攻击我。” (串)创38:11|诗32:4;38:2;39:10|士2:15伯19:21

†[吕]难道你们就能等到他们长大么？难道你们就能闭关自守而不嫁人么？我女儿们哪，不要这样；为了你们的缘故、我苦极了，因为永恒主伸出手来打我。”

†[思]你们又岂能等待他们长大，持身不嫁人？我的女儿啊！不要这样，有了你们我反而更苦，因为上主已伸出手来与我作对。”

†[当代]你们也等不到他们长大啊！我的儿媳妇啊！我真为你们难过，因为上帝惩罚我；却把你们也连累了。”

†[新译]你们可以等到他们长大吗？你们可以为他们守节而不嫁人吗？不行，我女儿啊，我为你们非常难过，因为耶和华伸手对付我。”

†[Wlb]尔岂欲待其长、而不嫁他人乎、我女欤、勿若是、我缘尔故、更为愁苦、盖耶和华之手击我、

†[Xdv]你们愿意等他们长大吗？你们能等着不去嫁别人吗？不！我的女儿，这是不可能的。上主惩罚了我；我很为你们难过（或译：我为你们的遭遇而难受或我比你们命苦啊）。”

†[Kjv]Would ye tarry for them till they were grown? would ye stay for them from having husbands? nay, my daughters; for it grieveth me much for your sakes that the hand of the LORD is gone out against me.

†[Nkjv]would you wait for them till they were grown? Would you restrain yourselves from having husbands? No, my daughters; for it grieves me very much for your sakes that the hand of the LORD has gone out against me!"

†[BBE]Would you keep yourselves till they were old enough? would you keep from having husbands for them? No, my daughters; but I am very sad for you that the hand of the Lord is against me.

†[GNT] would you wait until they had grown up? Would this keep you from marrying someone else? No, my daughters, you know that's impossible. The Lord has turned against me, and I feel very sorry for you."

†[NIV]would you wait until they grew up? Would you remain unmarried for them? No, my daughters. It is more bitter for me than for you, because the Lord 's hand has gone out against me!"

本会注释　　你们岂能等着呢？拿俄米即使马上结婚生子，等到孩子长大成人之后，俄珥巴和路得均已老了。
　　我为你们的缘故甚是愁苦。拿俄米尽管很伤心（见20节），还是想到与她同命相怜的两位媳妇的不幸。拿俄米担心自己太老了，不能再建立家庭（12节）。但她们还年轻，以后的日子还长（见珥1:8）。波阿斯称路得为“女儿”（na`arah，得2:5,6）。伯利恒的居民称她为“少年女子”（得4:12）。显然她还处于青春妙龄。拿俄米想，岂能仅仅因为减轻她自己的悲痛，满足自己的需要而毁掉她们的一生呢？
　　为你们的缘故。这就是拿俄米可爱品格的秘密，也是她吸引路得的地方──她总是先为别人着想。拿俄米虽然深感自己的不幸（20节），但这并没有改变她的人生观。她的价值观始终保持平衡。她的生活反映了基督的形象。祂“为他们的缘故”自己分别为圣（约17:19）。为他人谋利乃是“宇宙生活的伟大原则”（《历代愿望》第21页）。没有什么力量比无私的生活所发挥的影响力更大的了。“一个温和谦让的基督徒，是为基督教所作最有力的见证”（《传道良助》第122页）。

得1:14 两个儿妇又放声而哭，俄珥巴与婆婆亲嘴而别，只是路得舍不得拿俄米。

†[吕]两个儿媳妇又放声而哭；俄珥巴与婆婆亲咀而别，路得却紧跟着婆婆。

†[思]她们于是又放声大哭。敖尔帕吻了自己的婆婆，便回自己的家乡去了；卢德对婆母仍依依不舍。

†[当代]两个儿媳妇听了婆婆的这番话，又放声大哭。最后，俄珥巴还是吻了婆婆，上路回自己的家乡去了；然而，路得却是依依不舍，不肯离去。

†[新译]她们又放声大哭。俄耳巴就和婆婆吻别，路得却舍不得离开拿俄米。

†[Wlb]二媳复发声而哭、俄珥巴吻其姑而别、惟路得依附之、

†[Xdv]她们又哭了起来。娥珥巴吻别她的婆婆，回娘家去了。但是路得还是舍不得离去。

†[Kjv]And they lifted up their voice, and wept again: and Orpah kissed her mother in law; but Ruth clave unto her.

†[Nkjv]Then they lifted up their voices and wept again; and Orpah kissed her mother-in-law, but Ruth clung to her.

†[BBE]Then again they were weeping; and Orpah gave her mother-in-law a kiss, but Ruth would not be parted from her.

†[GNT] Again they started crying. Then Orpah kissed her mother-in-law good-bye and went back home, but Ruth held on to her.

†[NIV]At this they wept again. Then Orpah kissed her mother-in-law good-by, but Ruth clung to her.

本会注释　　又放声而哭。参第9节。一方面是因同命相怜，一方面是因离别之痛。
　　舍不得。或“抱住”她。路得受不了与拿俄米分离。拿俄米的美德使她的心灵有了崇高的理想。她觉得与婆婆生活在一起值得，即使自己永远不再嫁。如今那些能吸引而不是排斥自己媳妇的婆婆多么幸福啊！每一位婆婆都应思考拿俄米的美德。她在本卷中是一位杰出的人物。

得1:15 拿俄米说：“看哪，你嫂子已经回她本国和她所拜的神那里去了，你也跟着你嫂子回去吧！” (串)士11:24王上11:7耶48:13

†[吕]拿俄米说：“看哪，你嫂子已经回她族人和她所拜的神那里去了；你也跟着你嫂子回去吧。”

†[思]纳敖米向她说：“看，你的嫂子已回她民族和她的神那去了，你也跟你的嫂子回去罢！”

†[当代]拿俄米对路得说：“看，你的嫂嫂已经回她的家乡和她所拜的神那里去了，你也跟她回去吧！”

†[新译]拿俄米说：“你看，你嫂嫂已经回到她同胞和她的神那里去了。你也跟着嫂嫂回去吧。”

†[Wlb]拿俄米曰、尔之妯娌、已归其国其神、汝其从之而归、

†[Xdv]拿娥美对她说：“路得，你嫂嫂已经回她本族的人和她的神（或译：诸神明）那里去了。你也跟她回去吧！”

†[Kjv]And she said, Behold, thy sister in law is gone back unto her people, and unto her gods: return thou after thy sister in law.

†[Nkjv]And she said, "Look, your sister-in-law has gone back to her people and to her gods; return after your sister-in-law."

†[BBE]And Naomi said, See, your sister-in-law has gone back to her people and to her gods: go back after your sister-in-law.

†[GNT] So Naomi said to her, "Ruth, your sister-in-law has gone back to her people and to her god. Go back home with her."

†[NIV]Look," said Naomi, "your sister-in-law is going back to her people and her gods. Go back with her."

本会注释　　已经回去。俄珥巴虽然像路得一样也被拿俄米所吸引，但是她还是觉得自己与摩押的关系更密切一些。俄珥巴的回去使路得更难作出决定。现在她是独自一人了。
　　她的神那里。摩押的神是基抹（见@民21:29@注释）。俄珥巴可能暂时地接受了丈夫基连的信仰（见得4:10）。但她现在又回去拜偶像了。

得1:16 路得说：“不要催我回去不跟随你。你往哪里去，我也往那里去；你在哪里住宿，我也在那里住宿；你的国就是我的国，你的上帝就是我的上帝。

†[吕]路得说：“不要催我离开你而回去、不跟着你；你往哪里去，我也往哪里去；你在哪里住宿，我也在哪里住宿；你的族人就是我的族人；你的上帝就是我的上帝；

†[思]卢德答说：“请你别逼我离开你，而不跟你去。你到那去，我也要到那去；你住在那，我也住在那；你的民族，就是我的民族；你的天主，就是我的天主；

†[当代]路得却坚持说：“不要催我，也不要逼我离开你。你往哪里去，我也要往哪里去；你住在哪里，我也要住在哪里；你的国就是我的国，你的上帝就是我的上帝；你死在哪里，我也死在那里，也葬在那里。只有死才能够把我们分开；不然的话，愿上帝重重地惩罚我！”

†[新译]路得说：“请不要逼我离开你回去，不跟从你。你到哪里去，我也要到哪里去；你在哪里过夜，我也要在哪里过夜；你的同胞就是我的同胞，你的　神就是我的　神；

†[Wlb]路得曰、勿劝我离尔、不汝从、汝之所往、我必俱往、汝之所寓、我必偕寓、汝民必为我民、汝上帝必为我上帝、

†[Xdv]可是路得说：“请不要叫我离开你。让我跟你一起去吧！你到哪里，我也到那里；你住哪里，我也住那里；你的民族就是我的民族；你的上帝就是我的上帝。

†[Kjv]And Ruth said, Intreat me not to leave thee, or to return from following after thee: for whither thou goest, I will go; and where thou lodgest, I will lodge: thy people shall be my people, and thy God my God:

†[Nkjv]But Ruth said: "Entreat me not to leave you, Or to turn back from following after you; For wherever you go, I will go; And wherever you lodge, I will lodge; Your people shall be my people, And your God, my God.

†[BBE]But Ruth said, Give up requesting me to go away from you, or to go back without you: for where you go I will go; and where you take your rest I will take my rest; your people will be my people, and your God my God.

†[GNT] But Ruth answered, "Don't ask me to leave you! Let me go with you. Wherever you go, I will go; wherever you live, I will live. Your people will be my people, and your God will be my God.

†[NIV]But Ruth replied, "Don't urge me to leave you or to turn back from you. Where you go I will go, and where you stay I will stay. Your people will be my people and your God my God.

本会注释　　不要催我。这几个字引出了路得对拿俄米要她效法俄珥巴回本土去之建议的答复。路得的回答是整卷《路得记》的基调。路得不愿离开拿俄米，不仅仅是出于对婆婆的爱。路得已经发现，拿俄米的信仰使她成为一个了不起的女人。路得毅然决定效忠真神：“你的国就是我的国，你的上帝就是我的上帝。”再也没有比这更为卓越的表达爱心和忠诚的宣言了。
　　你的上帝就是我的上帝。路得对真神的认识完全来自拿俄米和家庭其他成员对祂的反映。上帝总是这样向人显示祂自己──通过彰显祂在从前的罪人生活中所运行的爱的能力。上帝的爱改变人心的能力是祂真理的最有力的证据。否则我们的信仰只能像“鸣的锣、响的钹”（林前13:1）。

得1:17 你在哪里死，我也在那里死，也葬在那里。除非死能使你我相离！不然，愿耶和华重重的降罚与我。” (串)撒上3:17;25:22撒下19:13王上2:23王下6:31

†[吕]你在哪里死，我也在哪里死，也埋葬在哪里；除了死以外，若有什么使你我相分离，愿永恒主这样惩罚我，并且加倍地惩罚。”

†[思]你死在那，我也死在那，埋在那；若不是死使我与你分离，愿上主罚我，重重罚我！”

†[当代]－

†[新译]你死在哪里，我也要死在哪里，葬在哪里。除非死亡把你我分离；如果我离开你，愿耶和华加倍惩罚我。”

†[Wlb]汝所死之处、我亦死于彼、葬于彼、除死而外、我若与尔相离、愿耶和华罚我维倍、

†[Xdv]你死在哪里，我也死在那里，葬在那里。除了死，任何事（或译：甚至死）都不能使我们分离！要是我背誓，愿上主重重地惩罚我。”

†[Kjv]Where thou diest, will I die, and there will I be buried: the LORD do so to me, and more also, if ought but death part thee and me.

†[Nkjv]Where you die, I will die, And there will I be buried. The LORD do so to me, and more also, If anything but death parts you and me."

†[BBE]Wherever death comes to you, death will come to me, and there will be my last resting-place; the Lord do so to me and more if we are parted by anything but death.

†[GNT] Wherever you die, I will die, and that is where I will be buried. May the Lord's worst punishment come upon me if I let anything but death separate me from you!"

†[NIV]Where you die I will die, and there I will be buried. May the Lord deal with me, be it ever so severely, if anything but death separates you and me."

本会注释　　愿耶和华重重地降罚与我。路得在这里提到了上帝的圣名耶和华。她发誓如果不是死使她与拿俄米分离，她愿受到以色列上帝的惩罚。本节原文的“死”是指临到所有人的“死”。
　　路得采用了《旧约》中一再出现的希伯来正规誓言。在撒上3:17中，以利说如果撒母耳向他隐瞒任何上帝呼唤他名字时所告诉他的信息，愿上帝降罚于撒母耳。这件事标志着撒母耳先知工作的开始。既然按保守派圣经学者的普遍认定，撒母耳是《路得记》的作者，这种用语的相似就有着特别的意义。在撒上25:22中，大卫用这句话发誓要消灭拿八和凡属拿八的男丁。当大卫起誓要立亚玛撒作元帅时，再次用了这句誓言（撒下19:13）。路得的话可以理解为：“我凭着真神起誓，只有死才会使我与你分离。”路得经受住了极大的考验，证明在她心里已是一个犹太女子而不是摩押女子。与拿俄米相伴使她发生了变化，让她更愿意住到异乡以色列，而不是她所熟悉的摩押地，在她原来的朋友中间。认识真神使人们的心紧密地结合在一起，超过种族或亲情的纽带。

得1:18 拿俄米见路得定意要跟随自己去，就不再劝她了。 (串)徒21:14

†[吕]拿俄米见路得坚决要跟自己去，就停止不对她说什么了。

†[思]纳敖米见她执意要与自己同去，就不再劝阻她了。

†[当代]拿俄米看见路得的态度坚决，也就不再劝阻她了。

†[新译]拿俄米看路得坚决要跟她走，就不再多费唇舌了。

†[Wlb]拿俄米见路得决志偕往、则不复言、

†[Xdv]拿娥美见路得坚决要跟自己走，也就不再劝阻她了。

†[Kjv]When she saw that she was stedfastly minded to go with her, then she left speaking unto her.

†[Nkjv]When she saw that she was determined to go with her, she stopped speaking to her.

†[BBE]And when she saw that Ruth was strong in her purpose to go with her she said no more.

†[GNT] When Naomi saw that Ruth was determined to go with her, she said nothing more.

†[NIV]When Naomi realized that Ruth was determined to go with her, she stopped urging her.

本会注释　　这确实是高尚的性格特性。拿俄米的劝说和俄珥巴的做法都改变不了路得与拿俄米和拿俄米的上帝同命运的决心。

得1:19 于是二人同行，来到伯利恒。她们到了伯利恒，合城的人就都惊讶。妇女们说：“这是拿俄米吗？” (串)太21:10

†[吕]于是二人同行，来到伯利恒。她们到了伯利恒，全城都因他们而震动起来；妇女们说：“这是拿俄米么？”

†[思]于是二人同行，来到了白冷。她们一到了白冷，全城的人都为她们所惊动。妇女们惊问说：“这不是纳敖米吗？”

†[当代]于是，她们婆媳二人便一同回到伯利恒。城里的人看见她们都十分惊讶，有些妇女还诧异地问：“这不是拿俄米吗？”

†[新译]她们双双上路，来到伯利恒。她们到达的时候，全城都因她们的缘故骚动起来。妇女们说：“这是拿俄米吗？”

†[Wlb]二人乃往伯利恒、既至、举邑耸动、妇女咸曰、此乃拿俄米乎、

†[Xdv]她们一起走，到了伯利恒。她们到的时候，全城的人都很兴奋。妇女们惊叫说：“她真的是拿娥美吗？”

†[Kjv]So they two went until they came to Bethlehem. And it came to pass, when they were come to Bethlehem, that all the city was moved about them, and they said, Is this Naomi?

†[Nkjv]Now the two of them went until they came to Bethlehem. And it happened, when they had come to Bethlehem, that all the city was excited because of them; and the women said, "Is this Naomi?"

†[BBE]So the two of them went on till they came to Beth-lehem. And when they came to Beth-lehem all the town was moved about them, and they said, Is this Naomi?

†[GNT] They went on until they came to Bethlehem. When they arrived, the whole town became excited, and the women there exclaimed, "Is this really Naomi?"

†[NIV]So the two women went on until they came to Bethlehem. When they arrived in Bethlehem, the whole town was stirred because of them, and the women exclaimed, "Can this be Naomi?"

本会注释　　她们来到伯利恒。我们不知道拿俄米和她的家人寄居在摩押何地，也不知道他们是从北面还是从南面进入的摩押。不管怎样，回到伯利恒都意味着从大约1,372米高的摩押高原下到死海平面，再上登大约1,143.3米到伯利恒，距离大约是120公里。我们不知道路得和拿俄米行路的速度，携带多少东西。不过那时的妇女擅长于步行，携带的东西比现代西方女子所想象的要多得多。
　　合城的人就都惊讶。虽然拿俄米离乡已有十年，在伯利恒仍有许多亲友。这毕竟是她的家乡。在圣经时代，凡有城墙的市镇都称为“城”，尽管按现代标准它可能很小（见@书6:1-3@注释）。约书亚曾列举124座这样的“城”（书15:21-62）。伯利恒显然是有城墙的，因为这里提到办理公务的城门（得4:1）。
　　这是拿俄米吗？伯利恒的居民这样问不一定说明他们认不出她来，尽管她的经历可能造成她外貌的一些变化。拿俄米在回答中提到了自己所受的磨难（20节）和痛苦（21节），特别是她“满满地出去”，却“空空地回来”（21节）。拿俄米并不那么在意物质的财富，而是强调她独自回来的事实。所以当城里的居民问“这是拿俄米吗”时，他们实际上是在惊叹：“这是拿俄米吗？竟成为寡妇，独自回来！”她的丈夫死了，她的两个儿子也死了，这似乎令人难以置信。

得1:20 拿俄米对他们说：“不要叫我拿俄米（就是甜的意思），要叫我玛拉（就是苦的意思），因为全能者使我受了大苦。 (串)出15:23

†[吕]拿俄米对他们说：“不要叫我拿俄米（即：‘愉快’的意思），要叫我玛拉（即：‘苦’的意思）；因为全能者使我苦极了。

†[思]她向她们说：“你们不要叫我纳敖米，应叫我玛辣，因为全能者待我好苦！

†[当代]拿俄米对她们说：“不要再叫我拿俄米了（拿俄米是甜的意思），叫我玛拉吧（玛拉是苦的意思）！全能的上帝叫我过得好苦啊！

†[新译]拿俄米对她们说：“不要叫我拿俄米，叫我玛拉吧，因为全能者使我吃尽了苦头。

†[Wlb]曰、勿称我拿俄米、当称我为玛拉、拿俄米译即乐玛拉译即苦盖全能者待我苦甚、

†[Xdv]拿娥美说：“不要叫我拿娥美（希伯来文意思是：愉快），叫我玛拉（希伯来文意思是：痛苦）吧！因为全能的上帝使我命苦。

†[Kjv]And she said unto them, Call me not Naomi, call me Mara: for the Almighty hath dealt very bitterly with me.

†[Nkjv]But she said to them, "Do not call me Naomi; call me Mara, for the Almighty has dealt very bitterly with me.

†[BBE]And she said to them, Do not let my name be Naomi, but Mara, for the Ruler of all has given me a bitter fate.

†[GNT] "Don't call me Naomi," she answered; "call me Marah, because Almighty God has made my life bitter.

†[NIV]Don't call me Naomi, " she told them. "Call me Mara, because the Almighty has made my life very bitter.

得1:21 我满满的出去，耶和华使我空空的回来。耶和华降祸与我，全能者使我受苦。既是这样，你们为何还叫我拿俄米呢？” (串)伯1:21

†[吕]我满满地出去，永恒主使我空空地回来；永恒主使我受苦（传统：作证指责我），全能者降祸于我，你们为什么还叫我拿俄米呢？”

†[思]我去时富足，如今上主却使我空空而回。上主责罚了我，全能者降祸于我，你们为什么还叫我纳敖米呢？”

†[当代]我离开这里的时候是富足的，现在，上帝却使我空著手回来，什么都没有了。上帝既然叫我受苦，你们叫我拿俄米又有什么意思呢？”

†[新译]我满满地出去，耶和华却使我空空地回来，你们为什么还叫我拿俄米呢？耶和华折磨我，全能者加害于我。”

†[Wlb]我富有而出、耶和华使我匮乏而归、耶和华既责我、全能者既苦我、奚称我为拿俄米哉、

†[Xdv]我出去的时候富足，回来的时候上主却使我空无一物。上主责罚我；全能者使我受苦。为什么还要叫我拿娥美呢？”

†[Kjv]I went out full and the LORD hath brought me home again empty: why then call ye me Naomi, seeing the LORD hath testified against me, and the Almighty hath afflicted me?

†[Nkjv]I went out full, and the LORD has brought me home again empty. Why do you call me Naomi, since the LORD has testified against me, and the Almighty has afflicted me?"

†[BBE]I went out full, and the Lord has sent me back again with nothing; why do you give me the name Naomi, seeing that the Lord has given witness against me, and the Ruler of all has sent sorrow on me?

†[GNT] When I left here, I had plenty, but the Lord has brought me back without a thing. Why call me Naomi when the Lord Almighty has condemned me and sent me trouble?"

†[NIV]I went away full, but the Lord has brought me back empty. Why call me Naomi? The Lord has afflicted me; the Almighty has brought misfortune upon me."

得1:22 拿俄米和她儿妇摩押女子路得，从摩押地回来到伯利恒，正是动手割大麦的时候。 (串)撒下21:9

†[吕]拿俄米回来，她的儿媳妇、摩押的女子路得、和她一同来，是从摩押乡间回来的。她们来到伯利恒、正是开始割大麦的时候。

†[思]纳敖米同她的儿媳摩阿布女子卢德回来了，是从摩阿布乡间回来的。她们来到白冷，正是开始收大麦的时候。

†[当代]拿俄米就这样带著她的摩押儿媳妇回到伯利恒，那正是开始收割大麦的时候。

†[新译]拿俄米就这样回来了。她媳妇摩押女子路得随着她从摩押地回来。她们到达伯利恒，正是开始收割大麦的时候。

†[Wlb]拿俄米与其媳摩押女路得、归自摩押乃若此、彼至伯利恒时、适获麰麦之际、

†[Xdv]这就是拿娥美和她的摩押媳妇路得从摩押回来的经过。她们到达伯利恒，正是开始收割大麦的时候。

†[Kjv]So Naomi returned, and Ruth the Moabitess, her daughter in law, with her, which returned out of the country of Moab: and they came to Bethlehem in the beginning of barley harvest.

†[Nkjv]So Naomi returned, and Ruth the Moabitess her daughter-in-law with her, who returned from the country of Moab. Now they came to Bethlehem at the beginning of barley harvest.

†[BBE]So Naomi came back out of the country of Moab, and Ruth the Moabitess, her daughter-in-law, with her; and they came to Beth-lehem in the first days of the grain-cutting.

†[GNT] This, then, was how Naomi came back from Moab with Ruth, her Moabite daughter-in-law. When they arrived in Bethlehem, the barley harvest was just beginning.

†[NIV]So Naomi returned from Moab accompanied by Ruth the Moabitess, her daughter-in-law, arriving in Bethlehem as the barley harvest was beginning.

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