《圣经》约书亚记-第20章
约书亚记-第20章
书20:1 耶和华晓谕约书亚说:
†[吕]
永恒主告诉约书亚说:
†[思]
上主训示若苏厄说:“
†[当代]
上帝对约书亚说:
†[新译]
耶和华对约书亚说:
†[Wlb]
耶和华谕约书亚曰、
†[Xdv]
上主吩咐约亚
†[Kjv]
The LORD also spake unto Joshua, saying,
†[Nkjv]
The LORD also spoke to Joshua, saying,
†[BBE]
And the Lord said to Joshua,
†[GNT]
Then the Lord told Joshua
†[NIV]
Then the Lord said to Joshua:
约书亚记-第20章
约书亚记-第20章
书20:2 “你吩咐以色列人说:你们要照着我藉摩西所晓谕你们的,为自己设立逃城,
†[吕]
“你要告诉以色列人说:‘你们要照我由摩西经手所告诉你们的为自己设立逃罪城,
†[思]
你应告诉以色列子民说:他们应照我藉梅瑟向你们所提及的,指定一些避难城,
†[当代]
“你吩咐以色列人,依照我以前藉摩西所吩咐你们的,指定一些城镇作为逃城。
†[新译]
“你要告诉以色列人:‘你们要照着我借着摩西命令你们的,为自己设立避难城,
†[Wlb]
告以色列人云、当遵我藉摩西所命尔者、简立逃城、
†[Xdv]
对以色列人民说:“你们要照着我叫摩西传达给你们的命令,指定一些城作为庇护城。
†[Kjv]
Speak to the children of Israel, saying, Appoint out for you cities of refuge, whereof I spake unto you by the hand of Moses:
†[Nkjv]
"Speak to the children of Israel, saying: "Appoint for yourselves cities of refuge, of which I spoke to you through Moses,
†[BBE]
Say to the children of Israel, Let certain towns be marked out as safe places, as I said to you by the mouth of Moses,
†[GNT]
to say to the people of Israel, "Choose the cities of refuge that I had Moses tell you about.
†[NIV]
Tell the Israelites to designate the cities of refuge, as I instructed you through Moses,
约书亚记-第20章
本会注释
逃城
。“逃”的原文qalat意为“收缩”,“吸引”,“接纳”,“接受”,因此有了“避难”的意思。在希伯来文中,七十士译本和叙利亚译本中,“逃城”前面均有冠词,说明是特指上帝所说过的。关于逃城的法律已在《民数记》35章和《申命记》19章中详细说明。对人生命的尊重是基督教的伟大原则之一,而在异教和无神的信仰中却认识不到这一点。上帝很早就设法让祂的子民明白,在任何情况下结束一个人的生命都是一件很严肃的事。其严肃性在于人是按上帝的形象造的,因此与上帝有亲缘关系。洪水以后,上帝特地强调“凡流人血的,他的血也必被人流,因为上帝造人是按自己的形象造的”(创9:6;见出21:12,14)。上帝应许一个地方让误杀人者可以逃避(出21:13),但这不是为谋杀者预备的。上帝要调整古代报私仇的风俗,也就是由被杀者的近亲或子嗣来惩罚凶手的做法。在周围各国中,只有以色列人尊重人的生命权利。现在上帝要进一步就祂的怜悯和公义教导他们。祂按照人理解祂真理的速度来引导他们。这条原则体现在上帝通过摩西所赐的希伯来人法律中。它适应人类的状况,但始终着意于人们在开始还不能理解的完美状态。所以上帝暂时容忍了奴隶制度,一夫多妻和自由离婚,并制定法律规范这些做法,尽管这些行为不是上帝所设立和认可的。 由近亲来保护兄弟的性命,这种观念在希伯来人心中根深蒂固。他觉得有责任为兄弟报血仇。为了制约或根除这种观念,上帝对它进行合理的规范,以避免冤枉没有真正犯罪的人。
我藉摩西所晓谕的
。由摩西说出并由他作记录,所以约书亚才能了解这些信息(出21:13;民35:9-34;申19:1-13)。在写《约书亚记》时,摩西五经就可能以我们现在的形式存在了。
约书亚记-第20章
书20:3 使那无心而误杀人的,可以逃到那里。这些城可以作你们逃避报血仇人的地方。 (串)
出21:13民35:6,11-14申4:41-43
†[吕]
让杀人的、就是无意中(或译:错误)不知不觉击杀人的可以逃到那里;这些城要给你们做逃罪城、让人逃避报血仇的人的手。
†[思]
好使无心误杀人的,能逃到那去。这些城市作为你们逃避血仇者的地方
†[当代]
这样,那些无心而误杀了人的便可以逃到那里去,不致被仇人追杀。
†[新译]
好使那出于错误、并非蓄意杀人的,可以逃到那里去;这些城要成为你们逃避报血仇的人的避难所。
†[Wlb]
俾无心而误杀人者、可遁于彼、为尔逃避复仇之所、
†[Xdv]
凡过失杀人的,可以到那里去,逃避寻仇的人。
†[Kjv]
That the slayer that killeth any person unawares and unwittingly may flee thither: and they shall be your refuge from the avenger of blood.
†[Nkjv]
that the slayer who kills a person accidentally or unintentionally may flee there; and they shall be your refuge from the avenger of blood.
†[BBE]
So that any man who in error and without design has taken the life of another, may go in flight to them: and they will be safe places for you from him who has the right of punishment for blood.
†[GNT]
If any of you accidentally kills someone, you can go there and escape the one who is looking for revenge.
†[NIV]
so that anyone who kills a person accidentally and unintentionally may flee there and find protection from the avenger of blood.
约书亚记-第20章
怀爱伦注释 身份不能阻止刑罚──那凶手的身份不论如何突出他必须受他犯罪的刑罚,民族的安全和纯洁乃要求凶手的罪务要受严历的处罚,那唯独上帝能以赐给人的生命必须得蒙祂的保护。
牺牲的血如同亚伯的血一样,呼求上帝替他向那凶手和一切包庇他免受犯罪之刑罚的人伸冤,不论谁──是个别人或城市──当确实证明他犯杀人的罪时而原谅他,而他便与那杀人者的罪有分,而且也必然遭受上帝的忿怒。上帝要将这犯可怕的杀人之罪给祂子民深刻的印象,同时祂又作了最明确而怜悯的准备,就是要释放那无知犯罪的人。(《时兆》1881.1.20)
本会注释
无心而误杀人的
。民35:22-25和申19:4,5对此进行了说明。一般是指非预谋的行为而导致人死亡的。蓄谋杀人的,即使逃到逃城,查出来以后也要马上受到惩罚。上帝宣布,这样的人就是逃到祂的祭坛也要被带走处死(出21:14)。
报血仇人
(go'el)。该词在其他地方还译成 “救赎主”,“亲属”和“近亲”。在伯19:25;赛47:4;48:17;54:5中该词是指上帝。对于希伯来人来说,对上帝的这种称呼会使他们想起自己作为亲属救赎的权利(见民35:12)。逃城本身就是预表基督所提供的避难所(《先祖与先知》516页)。
约书亚记-第20章
书20:4 那杀人的要逃到这些城中的一座城,站在城门口,将他的事情说给城内的长老们听。他们就把他收进城里,给他地方,使他住在他们中间。 (串)
申21:19得4:1,2诗127:5
†[吕]
那杀人的要逃到一座这样的城,站在城门口,将他的事情说明给城内的长老们听;他们就把他收进城、到他们那里去,给他地方,让他住在他们中间。
†[思]
那误杀人的,只要逃往这些城中的一座,立于城门口,将自己的事,报告给这城的长老听;长老就该将他接入城中,给他地方,让他住在他们中间。
†[当代]
逃进城的人先要站在城门口,向逃城的长老陈明事情的经过,长老就把他们收容到城里去,给他们地方住。
†[新译]
那杀人的要逃到这些城中的一座,站在城门口,把自己的事情向城中的众长老述说,长老就要把他接入城中,到他们那里,并要给他地方,使他可以住在他们中间。
†[Wlb]
逃至斯邑者、当立邑门、自诉其事于长老、长老接之入邑、给之以所、使居其中、
†[Xdv]
这样的人可以逃到其中的一座城,到城门口审判的地方,向长老们解释事情的经过。长老们会让他进去,给他地方住,这样,他可以留下来。
†[Kjv]
And when he that doth flee unto one of those cities shall stand at the entering of the gate of the city, and shall declare his cause in the ears of the elders of that city, they shall take him into the city unto them, and give him a place, that he may dwe
†[Nkjv]
And when he flees to one of those cities, and stands at the entrance of the gate of the city, and declares his case in the hearing of the elders of that city, they shall take him into the city as one of them, and give him a place, that he may dwell among
†[BBE]
And if anyone goes in flight to one of those towns, and comes into the public place of the town, and puts his cause before the responsible men of the town, they will take him into the town and give him a place among them where he may be safe.
†[GNT]
You can run away to one of these cities, go to the place of judgment at the entrance to the city, and explain to the leaders what happened. Then they will let you into the city and give you a place to live in, so that you can stay there.
†[NIV]
When he flees to one of these cities, he is to stand in the entrance of the city gate and state his case before the elders of that city. Then they are to admit him into their city and give him a place to live with them.
约书亚记-第20章
本会注释
逃到
。杀人者要赶紧逃跑。要采取一切措施使他不致耽搁。通往逃城的道路必须修好。在十字路口必须有指向逃城的标志。如果报血仇的人追上,就会要他的命。逃命的人必须及时赶到逃城。从以色列全境到逃城都不会超过半天的路程(见《先祖与先知》515-517页)。 古代关于逃城的计划形象地说明了基督徒的状况。罪人必须毫不迟延地逃到避难所基督耶稣那里(来6:18)。知道方向的人应该在沿途立下路标。这些向导承担着重大的责任。稍有疏忽就可能为逃命的罪人指错方向。
城门口
。通常有法官或长老坐在城门口处理案件(见得4:1;撒下15:2)。
把他收进城里
。在听了逃亡者的叙述并认为他的案件需要公正的审判以后,长老所采取的下一个步骤,就是让他接受他们的保护。以后还要进行更加详细的听证来裁决案件。
约书亚记-第20章
书20:5 若是报血仇的追了他来,长老不可将他交在报血仇的手里;因为他是素无仇恨,无心杀了人的。
†[吕]
若是报血仇的追赶了来,长老不可将那杀人的送交报血仇者手里,因为他是不知不觉击杀了邻舍的,他素来跟他并没有仇恨。
†[思]
如果报血仇者追来了,长老不可将他交于报血仇者手中,因为他杀人原是出于无心,素无仇恨。
†[当代]
如果他们的仇人追到,长老们绝对不可以把他们交出来,因为他们杀人原是出于无心,事先也没有跟被杀者结怨。
†[新译]
如果报血仇的人追赶他,长老不可把他交在报血仇的人手里,因为他并非蓄意杀人,他以前与他并没有仇恨。
†[Wlb]
若复仇者追之、勿以杀人者付于其手、盖彼误杀其邻、素无仇恨、
†[Xdv]
如果寻仇的人追到那里,城里的人不可把那个人交出来,却要保护他;因为他是过失杀人的,不是出于仇恨。
†[Kjv]
And if the avenger of blood pursue after him, then they shall not deliver the slayer up into his hand; because he smote his neighbour unwittingly, and hated him not beforetime.
†[Nkjv]
Then if the avenger of blood pursues him, they shall not deliver the slayer into his hand, because he struck his neighbor unintentionally, but did not hate him beforehand.
†[BBE]
And if the one who has the right of punishment comes after him, they are not to give the taker of life up to him; because he was the cause of his neighbour's death without designing it and not in hate.
†[GNT]
If the one looking for revenge follows you there, the people of the city must not hand you over to that one. They must protect you because you killed the person accidentally and not out of anger.
†[NIV]
If the avenger of blood pursues him, they must not surrender the one accused, because he killed his neighbor unintentionally and without malice aforethought.
约书亚记-第20章
约书亚记-第20章
书20:6 他要住在那城里,站在会众面前听审判,等到那时的大祭司死了,杀人的才可以回到本城本家,就是他所逃出来的那城。” (串)
民35:12,24,25
†[吕]
他要住在那城里,等到他站在会众面前听审判,等到当时的大祭司死了,然后那杀人的才可以回到他本城本家、他所逃出的城。’”
†[思]
杀人者应住在这城内,直到他在会众前出庭受审,直到现任的大司祭去世之后,方可回到本城本家,即由之逃出城市。”
†[当代]
这些杀人者要住在城内,直到接受过公开审讯,或者到在任的大祭司死后,才可离城回乡。”
†[新译]
那杀人的要住在那城里,直到他站在会众面前受审;等到当时的大祭司死了,才可以回到本城本家,回到他逃出来的城那里。’”
†[Wlb]
彼居是邑、迨其受鞫于会众前、俟当时之大祭司卒、乃返所逃出之故邑、而归其家、
†[Xdv]
他可以住在城里,一直到接受公开的审判,等到当时的大祭司死了以后才可以回到他逃离的家乡。”
†[Kjv]
And he shall dwell in that city, until he stand before the congregation for judgment, and until the death of the high priest that shall be in those days: then shall the slayer return, and come unto his own city, and unto his own house, unto the city from
†[Nkjv]
And he shall dwell in that city until he stands before the congregation for judgment, and until the death of the one who is high priest in those days. Then the slayer may return and come to his own city and his own house, to the city from which he fled."'
†[BBE]
And he is to go on living in that town till he has to come before the meeting of the people to be judged; (till the death of him who is high priest at that time:) then the taker of life may come back to his town and to his house, to the town from which he
†[GNT]
You may stay in the city until you have received a public trial and until the death of the man who is then the High Priest. Then you may go back home to your own town, from which you had run away."
†[NIV]
He is to stay in that city until he has stood trial before the assembly and until the death of the high priest who is serving at that time. Then he may go back to his own home in the town from which he fled."
约书亚记-第20章
本会注释
会众
。可能指的是杀人者本城的会众,而不是逃城的会众(见民35:24,25)。如果被证实有罪,就要把他交给报血仇的人;如果证明是误杀,就要让他住到逃城直到大祭司去世。
大祭司死了
。赎罪的崇祀集中在圣所中和祭司身上。逃亡的年限取决于举行仪式的环境。必须有一个明确的事件,好让报仇的人知道自己合法复仇的权利已经结束了。
约书亚记-第20章
书20:7 于是,以色列人在拿弗他利山地分定加利利的基低斯;在以法莲山地分定示剑;在犹大山地分定基列亚巴(基列亚巴就是希伯仑); (串)
书21:32代上6:76|书21:21|书21:11路1:39|书14:13-15;21:11,13
†[吕]
于是以色列人在拿弗他利山地把在加利利的基低斯分别出来,在以法莲山把示剑分别出来,在犹大山地把基列亚巴、就是希伯崙、分别出来。
†[思]
以色列人于是在纳斐塔里山区,指定了加里肋亚的刻德士;在厄弗辣因山区指定了舍根;在犹大山区指定了克黎雅特阿尔耳巴,即赫贝龙;
†[当代]
于是民众便指定拿弗他利山区加利利境内的基低斯,以法莲山区的示剑和犹大山区的基列亚巴(即希伯仑)作为逃城。
†[新译]
于是以色列人在拿弗他利山地,把加利利的基低斯分别出来;在以法莲山地,把示剑分别出来;在犹大山地,把基列亚巴分别出来,基列亚巴就是希伯仑;
†[Wlb]
遂简立加利利之基低斯、在拿弗他利山地、示剑、在以法莲山地、基列亚巴、即希伯仑、在犹大山地、
†[Xdv]
于是,以色列人在约旦河西岸拿弗他利山区的加利利指定基低斯,在以法莲山区指定示剑,在犹大山区指定希伯仑。
†[Kjv]
And they appointed Kedesh in Galilee in mount Naphtali, and Shechem in mount Ephraim, and Kirjatharba, which is Hebron, in the mountain of Judah.
†[Nkjv]
So they appointed Kedesh in Galilee, in the mountains of Naphtali, Shechem in the mountains of Ephraim, and Kirjath Arba (which is Hebron) in the mountains of Judah.
†[BBE]
So they made selection of Kedesh in Galilee in the hill-country of Naphtali, and Shechem in the hill-country of Ephraim, and Kiriath-arba (which is Hebron) in the hill-country of Judah.
†[GNT]
So, on the west side of the Jordan they set aside Kedesh in Galilee, in the hill country of Naphtali; Shechem, in the hill country of Ephraim; and Hebron, in the hill country of Judah.
†[NIV]
So they set apart Kedesh in Galilee in the hill country of Naphtali, Shechem in the hill country of Ephraim, and Kiriath Arba (that is, Hebron) in the hill country of Judah.
约书亚记-第20章
本会注释
他们分定
。直译是“他们使之成圣”,即把这些城分别出来作为神圣的用途。这些都是利未支派的城邑,是服侍上帝的人居住的。他们轮班在上帝面前侍奉。这就使逃亡者有机会学习,并与在圣工上受过专门训练的利未人进行交流。因此当利未人和祭司教导他有关耶和华的道时,这里同时就成真正福惠的泉源(见申17:8-13;21:5;33:9,10)。 这些逃城都分布在平原或河谷为人所熟悉的地方。它们彼此的距离合宜,对于各个支派都很方便。三座在约旦河西,三座在约旦河东,北部,中部和南部各一座。焦急逃命的人必须获得一切便利。在他筋疲力尽之际,不应该让他在最后的路程中爬山。这些逃城必须是大家所熟悉的,通往那里的道路也必须是良好的。以色列的母亲必须教导孩子记住这六座逃城,以便将来在必要时知道往哪里逃。 这里给我们的教训是:如今也有一个罪人的避难所,就是耶稣。道路是敞开的,沿途都有标记,很容易逃往那里。“耶和华靠近伤心的人,拯救灵性痛悔的人”(诗34:18;参诗85:9;145:18)。我们可以住在避难所里直等到愤怒过去。
基低斯
。来自希伯来语“qadash ”,意为“圣洁的”,其强调形式意为“使圣洁”。其名词形式qodesh 意为“圣洁”。关于该城的位置,见书19:37。
示剑
(shekem )。意为“肩膀”,喻指“政权”。“政权必担在他的肩头(示剑)上”(赛9:6)。示剑在以法莲支派境内,位于以巴路山和基利心山之间,就是现在耶路撒冷以北偏东48.8公里处的巴拉他丘(Tell Balatah)。
希伯仑
。源于动词chabar ,意为“联合”,“结盟”。因此chebron 的意思就是“友谊”,“联盟”。关于它的位置,见@书14:15@注释。
约书亚记-第20章
书20:8 又在约但河外耶利哥东,从流便支派中,在旷野的平原,设立比悉;从迦得支派中设立基列的拉末;从玛拿西支派中设立巴珊的哥兰。 (串)
书21:36代上6:78|书21:38王上22:3|书21:27代上6:71
†[吕]
又在约但河外东边耶利哥对面、从如便支派中在旷野在平原设立比悉;从迦得支派中在基列设立拉末;从玛拿西支派中在巴珊设立哥兰。
†[思]
在约但河东岸,耶里哥东面,在旷野高原,勒乌本支派内指定了贝责尔;在加得支派内,指定了基肋阿得的辣摩特;在默纳协支派内,指定了巴商的哥蓝。
†[当代]
他们又在约旦河耶利哥东面的荒野高原上,指定吕便人境内的比悉,迦得人境内基列的拉末和在玛拿西人的巴珊境内的哥兰,作为逃城。
†[新译]
又在约旦河东,耶利哥的东面,从流本支派中,指定在旷野平原上的比悉;从迦得支派中,指定在基列的拉末;从玛拿西支派中,指定在巴珊的哥兰。
†[Wlb]
又于约但滨、耶利哥东、简立流便支派平原、在野之比悉、迦得支派基列之拉末、玛拿西支派巴珊之哥兰、
†[Xdv]
他们又在约旦河东岸,耶利哥东边的旷野高原,在流便境内指定比悉,在迦得境内的基列指定拉末,在玛拿西境内的巴珊指定哥兰,作为庇护城。
†[Kjv]
And on the other side Jordan by Jericho eastward, they assigned Bezer in the wilderness upon the plain out of the tribe of Reuben, and Ramoth in Gilead out of the tribe of Gad, and Golan in Bashan out of the tribe of Manasseh.
†[Nkjv]
And on the other side of the Jordan, by Jericho eastward, they assigned Bezer in the wilderness on the plain, from the tribe of Reuben, Ramoth in Gilead, from the tribe of Gad, and Golan in Bashan, from the tribe of Manasseh.
†[BBE]
And on the east side of Jordan at Jericho, they made selection of Bezer in the waste land, in the table-land, out of the tribe of Reuben, and Ramoth in Gilead out of the tribe of Gad, and Golan in Bashan out of the tribe of Manasseh.
†[GNT]
East of the Jordan, on the desert plateau east of Jericho, they chose Bezer in the territory of Reuben; Ramoth in Gilead, in the territory of Gad; and Golan in Bashan, in the territory of Manasseh.
†[NIV]
On the east side of the Jordan of Jericho they designated Bezer in the desert on the plateau in the tribe of Reuben, Ramoth in Gilead in the tribe of Gad, and Golan in Bashan in the tribe of Manasseh.
约书亚记-第20章
本会注释
比悉
。源于动词basar,意为“约束”,“包围”,因此有“防卫”的意思。其名词意为“设防的城”,即“要塞”。比悉的位置不详。有些人认为是现在米底巴西北的乌姆阿玛德(Umm el-`Amad) 。
拉末
。源于ra'am,意思是“高举”。Ra'moth(拉末)是复数名词,意思是“高地”,喻指“高不可及的东西”。其大致的位置见@书13:26@注释(拉末米斯巴)。
哥兰
。源于gôlan “环绕”。据认为在基尼烈海(加利利湖)东边,可能是现在的萨亨约伦(Sahen el-Jōlan)。
约书亚记-第20章
书20:9 这都是为以色列众人和在他们中间寄居的外人所分定的地邑,使误杀人的都可以逃到那里,不死在报血仇人的手中,等他站在会众面前听审判。 (串)
民35:15
†[吕]
这些城都是给以色列众人、给在他们中间寄居的外侨所指定的城,叫凡无意(或译:错误)击杀人的可以逃到那里,不至于死在报血仇的人手中,等到他站在会众面前听审判的时候为止。
†[思]
以上是为所有的以色列人和寄他们中间的外方人指定的城市,使凡误杀人的,能逃往那去,在他未出庭受会众审判以前,不致死在报血仇者的手。
†[当代]
这是以色列人为自己的族人和那些从外地来寄居、误杀了人的,叫他们可以逃到所指定的城镇,在没有接受公开审判以前不致死在报仇的人手里。
†[新译]
这些都是为所有的以色列人,和在他们中间寄居的外族人所指定的城,让误杀人的可以逃到那里,不致死在报血仇的人手里,直到他站在会众面前受审为止。
†[Wlb]
斯邑既定、凡以色列人、与其中宾旅、误杀人者、可逃于彼、免死于复仇者之手、迨其受鞫于会众前、
†[Xdv]
这些庇护城是为所有以色列人和寄居在他们当中的外侨设立的。一个由于过失杀人的,可以在那里找到庇护,躲避寻仇的人。别人不可杀他,除非他已经经过公开的审判。
†[Kjv]
These were the cities appointed for all the children of Israel, and for the stranger that sojourneth among them, that whosoever killeth any person at unawares might flee thither, and not die by the hand of the avenger of blood, until he stood before the c
†[Nkjv]
These were the cities appointed for all the children of Israel and for the stranger who dwelt among them, that whoever killed a person accidentally might flee there, and not die by the hand of the avenger of blood until he stood before the congregation.
†[BBE]
These were the towns marked out for all the children of Israel and for the man from a strange country living among them, so that anyone causing the death of another in error, might go in flight there, and not be put to death by him who has the right of pu
†[GNT]
These were the cities of refuge chosen for all the people of Israel and for any foreigner living among them. Any who killed a person accidentally could find protection there from the one looking for revenge; they could not be killed unless they had first
†[NIV]
Any of the Israelites or any alien living among them who killed someone accidentally could flee to these designated cities and not be killed by the avenger of blood prior to standing trial before the assembly.
约书亚记-第20章
本会注释 上帝为外人作出安排,好让他们分享以色列人的属灵权利。以色列人出埃及时,曾有一大群闲杂人跟着他们。在基遍人寻求和平时,以色列人就与他们讲和了。当喇合表达了信心时,上帝就接纳了她。在所有的时代都是这样。上帝不偏待人。凡到祂那里去的人,祂绝不丢弃(约6:37)。有一扇大门敞开着,欢迎一切谦卑忍耐的人进来。
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