以斯拉书第10章

《圣经》以斯拉书-第10章

拉10:1 以斯拉祷告，认罪，哭泣，俯伏在上帝殿前的时候，有以色列中的男女孩童聚集到以斯拉那里，成了大会，众民无不痛哭。 (串)尼1:4,6|尼1:6但9:20|申9:18|代下20:9

†[吕]以斯拉祷告、认罪、哭泣、俯伏在上帝殿前的时候，以色列中有很大群的人男男女女、以及孩童、都集合了来到以斯拉那里；众民都哭泣，哭得很悲痛。

†[思]当厄斯德拉泪流如注，俯伏在天主殿祈祷认罪时，有很大的一群以色列人，男、女、孩童都聚集在她四周，民众也都流泪痛哭。

†[当代]我正伏在地上哭泣、认罪、祷告的时候，就有一大群的男女和孩子围拢过来，他们都跟我一起痛哭流涕。

†[新译]以斯拉祷告、认罪、哭泣，俯伏在　神的殿前的时候，有一大群以色列人，包括男女小孩，在他面前聚集；众人也都痛哭。

†[Wlb]以斯拉祈祷、认罪、涕泣、俯伏上帝室前、以色列中男女孩提、大会其所、民皆痛哭、

†[Xdv]当以斯拉伏在圣殿前面祷告，哭泣，承认这些罪的时候，有一大群以色列人，包括男女和小孩，聚集围绕着他，悲伤痛哭。

†[Kjv]Now when Ezra had prayed, and when he had confessed, weeping and casting himself down before the house of God, there assembled unto him out of Israel a very great congregation of men and women and children: for the people wept very sore.

†[Nkjv]Now while Ezra was praying, and while he was confessing, weeping, and bowing down before the house of God, a very large assembly of men, women, and children gathered to him from Israel; for the people wept very bitterly.

†[BBE]Now while Ezra was making his prayer and his statement of wrongdoing, weeping and falling down before the house of God, a very great number of men and women and children out of Israel came together round him: for the people were weeping bitterly.

†[GNT] While Ezra was bowing in prayer in front of the Temple, weeping and confessing these sins, a large group of Israelites - men, women, and children - gathered around him, weeping bitterly.

†[NIV]While Ezra was praying and confessing, weeping and throwing himself down before the house of God, a large crowd of Israelites-men, women and children-gathered around him. They too wept bitterly.

本会注释　　以斯拉。接下来的部分，以斯拉退到幕后，使用第三人称叙述。关于人称代词的改变，见@拉7:28@节注释。
　　成了大会。许多人已来到圣殿参加每日的晚祭。当他们看到刚被任命为领袖以斯拉悲痛欲绝，承认百姓的罪时，自然深受感触。以斯拉的真诚给他们流下了深刻的印象。他们全都哭了。以斯拉先是举起双手跪下祷告（拉9:5节），但不久他越来越感觉到百姓罪孽深重，就极其谦卑地扑倒在地。这种感人之举动会让东方的会众深深动情的。

拉10:2 属以拦的子孙、耶歇的儿子示迦尼对以斯拉说：“我们在此地娶了外邦女子为妻，干犯了我们的上帝，然而以色列人还有指望。 (串)拉9:2

†[吕]属以拦的子孙、耶歇的儿子示迦尼应时对以斯拉说：“我们娶此地别族之民的外籍女人为妻，对我们的上帝不忠实了；但现在呢、对于这事以色列人还有希望。

†[思]当时厄蓝子孙中有一位，即耶希耳的儿子舍加尼雅，发言向厄斯德拉说：“我们由本地异民中娶了外妇女，实在得罪了天主，但对此事为以色列还有希望。

†[当代]当时，以拦的子孙耶歇的儿子示迦尼就来对我说：“虽然我们对上帝不忠，又娶外族的女子为妻子，可是，我们以色列人还是有希望的。

†[新译]属以拦的子孙、耶歇的儿子示迦尼对以斯拉说：“我们对　神不忠，娶了这地这外族女子为妻。虽然这样，以色列现在还有希望。

†[Wlb]以拦裔、耶歇子示迦尼、谓以斯拉曰、我侪干犯我上帝、娶斯土异族之女为妻、然以色列族犹有望焉、

†[Xdv]以拦宗族耶歇的儿子示迦尼对以斯拉说：“我们娶了外族女人，对上帝不忠；虽然这样，以色列还有一线希望。

†[Kjv]And Shechaniah the son of Jehiel, one of the sons of Elam, answered and said unto Ezra, We have trespassed against our God, and have taken strange wives of the people of the land: yet now there is hope in Israel concerning this thing.

†[Nkjv]And Shechaniah the son of Jehiel, one of the sons of Elam, spoke up and said to Ezra, "We have trespassed against our God, and have taken pagan wives from the peoples of the land; yet now there is hope in Israel in spite of this.

†[BBE]And Shecaniah, the son of Jehiel, one of the sons of Elam, answering, said to Ezra, We have done evil against our God, and have taken as our wives strange women of the peoples of the land: but still there is hope for Israel in this question.

†[GNT] Then Shecaniah son of Jehiel, of the clan of Elam, said to Ezra, "We have broken faith with God by marrying foreign women, but even so there is still hope for Israel.

†[NIV]Then Shecaniah son of Jehiel, one of the descendants of Elam, said to Ezra, "We have been unfaithful to our God by marrying foreign women from the peoples around us. But in spite of this, there is still hope for Israel.

本会注释　　示迦尼。可能是一个有影响力的人物，因为他在这里似乎是作为百姓的代言人。虽然他的名字没有列在娶外邦妻子的人当中，故不会被认为犯有这样的罪，但他很难过，因为他的父亲也属于违规者。他的父亲耶歇可能就是第26节所提到娶拜偶像妻子的人之一。他们都是以拦家族的人。示迦尼可能久已感觉到父亲受外邦后妻的邪恶影响，所以衷心赞同以斯拉的话。他很高兴这个问题引起以斯拉的注意。以斯拉一定和他一样关注这种状况。
　　还有指望。百姓痛哭流泪，表明他们的忏悔，所以有希望引导他们改正错误，归向上帝。

拉10:3 现在当与我们的上帝立约，休这一切的妻，离绝她们所生的，照着我主和那因上帝命令战兢之人所议定的，按律法而行。 (串)代下34:31|本章44|拉9:4

†[吕]现在我们应当和我们的上帝立约：将我们的妻子（传统：一切妻子）和她们所生的孩子都离出去，照我主和那因上帝之命令而战战兢兢的人所议定的；让这事按律法而行。

†[思]现在我们与我们的天主立约，离弃这些妇女和她们所生的儿女，全照我主和那些对我们天主诫命起敬起畏者的意见，依照法律行事。

†[当代]我们可以在上帝面前起誓听从上帝和那些敬畏祂的人的指示，按照律法行事，离弃我们那些外族血统的妻子和儿女。

†[新译]现在，我们应当与我们的　神立约，按着我主和那些因我们　神的诫命而战兢的人所议定的，照着律法而行，送走这些妻子和她们所生的儿女。

†[Wlb]今当与我上帝立约、必出此妻、屏其所生、从我主及懔遵我上帝命者之议、俱循法律而行、

†[Xdv]现在，我们必须向上帝立严肃的誓约：我们要把这些女人和她们的孩子送走。我们要听从你和那些敬重上帝命令的人的忠告。我们要奉行上帝法律所要求的。

†[Kjv]Now therefore let us make a covenant with our God to put away all the wives, and such as are born of them, according to the counsel of my lord, and of those that tremble at the commandment of our God; and let it be done according to the law.

†[Nkjv]Now therefore, let us make a covenant with our God to put away all these wives and those who have been born to them, according to the advice of my master and of those who tremble at the commandment of our God; and let it be done according to the law.

†[BBE]Let us now make an agreement with our God to put away all the wives and all their children, if it seems right to my lord and to those who go in fear of the words of our God; and let it be done in keeping with the law.

†[GNT] Now we must make a solemn promise to our God that we will send these women and their children away. We will do what you and the others who honor God's commands advise us to do. We will do what God's Law demands.

†[NIV]Now let us make a covenant before our God to send away all these women and their children, in accordance with the counsel of my lord and of those who fear the commands of our God. Let it be done according to the Law.

本会注释　　示迦尼提出了具体的建议。他的建议说明他是经过深思熟虑的。以斯拉还没有就这件事发表意见。示迦尼认为违法的婚姻不仅是错误的，也是无效的。摩西的律法允许在几种情况下可以离婚（见申24:1-4；太19:3）。
　　她们所生的。小孩特别需要母亲的照顾。母子分开将是十分残忍的。此外，遗传的倾向可能会使人养成背道的精神。大孩子也许已染上拜偶像的风习。至少示迦尼认为，最好的办法就是让孩子和母亲一起离开。
　　按律法而行。这条建议的意思可能是指一，实施禁止这种婚姻的律法；二，依律法离婚（见申24:1）。

拉10:4 你起来，这是你当办的事，我们必帮助你，你当奋勉而行。” (串)代下19:11|代上28:10

†[吕]你起来；这是你应当行的事；我们拥护着你；你要刚强去作。”

†[思]起来！因为这事全在身上，我们支持，应勇敢去作！”

†[当代]来吧！这一次全靠你了。然而，我们一定会全力支持你的，你放胆去做吧！”

†[新译]你起来！因为这事全在你身上，我们支持你，你当坚强地去作。”

†[Wlb]尔起、此属尔事、我侪偕尔、强乃志而为之、

†[Xdv]你有责任把这事付诸行动。我们支持你；你应该有勇气去办成这事！”

†[Kjv]Arise; for this matter belongeth unto thee: we also will be with thee: be of good courage, and do it.

†[Nkjv]Arise, for this matter is your responsibility. We also are with you. Be of good courage, and do it."

†[BBE]Up, now! for this is your business, and we are with you; take heart and do it.

†[GNT] It is your responsibility to act. We are behind you, so go ahead and get it done."

†[NIV]Rise up; this matter is in your hands. We will support you, so take courage and do it."

本会注释　　以斯拉的任务包括对不顺从上帝律法的人实施审判（拉7:26），故理应采取行动。示迦尼保证“我们必帮助你”，这一定以斯拉很大的鼓励。因为他知道自己在这件事上所采取的任何行动，都会受到许多违规者的反对。

拉10:5 以斯拉便起来，使祭司长和利未人，并以色列众人起誓说，必照这话去行；他们就起了誓。 (串)尼5:12;13:25

†[吕]以斯拉便起来，使祭司领袖和利未人跟以色列众人都起誓要照这话而行。他们就起誓。

†[思]厄斯德拉便起来，令司祭并肋未人首领起誓，必按这话去做；他们就发了誓。

†[当代]于是，我便起来要求祭司长、利未人和所有以色列人起誓按照示迦尼的话去行，他们就都起了誓。

†[新译]于是以斯拉起来，使祭司首领、利未人和以色列众人起誓要照着这话去行；他们就起誓。

†[Wlb]以斯拉遂起、使诸祭司长利未人、以色列众发誓、必循此言而行、众乃发誓、

†[Xdv]于是，以斯拉要祭司、利未人，以及其余民众的领袖们发誓，说他们要照示迦尼提议的去做。他们照着做了。

†[Kjv]Then arose Ezra, and made the chief priests, the Levites, and all Israel, to swear that they should do according to this word. And they sware.

†[Nkjv]Then Ezra arose, and made the leaders of the priests, the Levites, and all Israel swear an oath that they would do according to this word. So they swore an oath.

†[BBE]Then Ezra got up, and made the chiefs of the priests and the Levites and all Israel take an oath that they would do this. So they took an oath.

†[GNT] So Ezra began by making the leaders of the priests, of the Levites, and of the rest of the people take an oath that they would do what Shecaniah had proposed.

†[NIV]So Ezra rose up and put the leading priests and Levites and all Israel under oath to do what had been suggested. And they took the oath.

本会注释　　以斯拉毫不犹豫，立刻行动。他通过宣誓把宗教领袖团结起来，实行他所完全赞同的示迦尼的建议。用宣誓来确认这样重大的决定，符合《旧约》的做法（见书2:12；申6:13等）。

拉10:6 以斯拉从上帝殿前起来，进入以利亚实的儿子约哈难的屋里，到了那里不吃饭，也不喝水；因为被掳归回之人所犯的罪，心里悲伤。 (串)尼3:1|尼12:22-23|申9:18

†[吕]以斯拉从上帝殿前起来，进入以利亚实的儿子约哈难的厢房，就在那里过夜（传统：就在那里），饭也不吃，水也不喝；因为他为了流亡返回的人之不忠实心里悲伤。

†[思]厄斯德拉遂离开天主的殿，到了厄肋雅史的儿子约哈南的房，在那过夜，饭也不吃，水也不喝，因为她对充军归来者的罪恶悲伤。

†[当代]然后，我便进了圣殿，走进以利亚实的儿子约哈难的房间里；在那里，我不吃也不喝，因为我正在为民众的罪忧伤不已。

†[新译]以斯拉就从　神的殿前起来，走进以利亚实的儿子约哈难的屋里去；他在那里不吃饭，也不喝水，因为他为了被掳归回的人的不忠而悲伤。

†[Wlb]以斯拉离上帝室、诣以利亚实子约哈难室、既入、缘俘囚之罪而忧、不食不饮、

†[Xdv]接着，以斯拉从圣殿前面走进伊莱贾实儿子约哈难的屋里，在那里，他不吃，也不喝，为流亡人民的不忠实哀伤了一夜（希伯来文是：去……哀伤）。

†[Kjv]Then Ezra rose up from before the house of God, and went into the chamber of Johanan the son of Eliashib: and when he came thither, he did eat no bread, nor drink water: for he mourned because of the transgression of them that had been carried away.

†[Nkjv]Then Ezra rose up from before the house of God, and went into the chamber of Jehohanan the son of Eliashib; and when he came there, he ate no bread and drank no water, for he mourned because of the guilt of those from the captivity.

†[BBE]Then Ezra got up from before the house of God and went into the room of Jehohanan, the son of Eliashib; but when he came there, he took no food or drink, for he was sorrowing for the sin of those who had come back.

†[GNT] Then he went from in front of the Temple into the living quarters of Jehohanan son of Eliashib, and spent the night there grieving over the unfaithfulness of the exiles. He did not eat or drink anything.

†[NIV]Then Ezra withdrew from before the house of God and went to the room of Jehohanan son of Eliashib. While he was there, he ate no food and drank no water, because he continued to mourn over the unfaithfulness of the exiles.

本会注释　　约哈难的屋。关于圣殿的房间，见@拉8:29@注释。关于约哈难，见拉七章补充注释。这个约哈难似乎是尼希米时代的大祭司以利亚实的孙子（尼12:22,23；13:4,5）。厄勒番丁岛的草纸文献证明约哈难是公元前410年的大祭司。他既在圣殿里有房间，就一定已超过二十岁（见@拉3:8@注释）。有些注释者认为本节的约哈难不是《尼希米记》和厄勒番丁岛草纸文献中的约哈难，但证据不足。
　　不吃饭。摩西曾两次实行这种严格的禁食（出34:28；申9:18）。尼尼微的居民也有过类似的禁食（拿3:7），但只这并不普遍。禁食通常被理解为节制饮食（撒上1:7；撒下3:35）。有时禁食的人只须不吃“美味”，“酒肉”（但10:3）就行了。以斯拉的真诚表现在他禁食的严格上。百姓回应以后，以斯拉就到约哈难的房间里哀伤。这表明他先前的激动是他真实忧虑的自然反应，而不像一些注释家所认为的是精心策划的表演。

拉10:7 他们通告犹大和耶路撒冷被掳归回的人，叫他们在耶路撒冷聚集。 (串)拉6:16,20-21

†[吕]领袖们又将布告传达在犹大和耶路撒冷，叫流亡返回的人都聚集在耶路撒冷；

†[思]首领们遂在犹大和耶路撒冷发出通告，令充军归来的人都聚集在耶路撒冷；

†[当代]他们在犹大和耶路撒冷发出通告，命令所有被掳归回的人在耶路撒冷集合，凡三天之内不听领袖和长老的话来到的人，就要没收他的财产，他本人也再不会为被掳归回的以色列人所接纳。

†[新译]于是，领袖们就在犹大和耶路撒冷向所有被掳归回的人发出通告，叫他们到耶路撒冷聚集。

†[Wlb]谕令犹大耶路撒冷俘囚之众、咸集于耶路撒冷、

†[Xdv]民间领袖发令到全耶路撒冷和犹大，要所有从流亡归返的人到耶路撒冷聚集。

†[Kjv]And they made proclamation throughout Judah and Jerusalem unto all the children of the captivity, that they should gather themselves together unto Jerusalem;

†[Nkjv]And they issued a proclamation throughout Judah and Jerusalem to all the descendants of the captivity, that they must gather at Jerusalem,

†[BBE]And they made a public statement through all Judah and Jerusalem, to all those who had come back, that they were to come together to Jerusalem;

†[GNT] A message was sent throughout Jerusalem and Judah that all those who had returned from exile were to meet in Jerusalem

†[NIV]A proclamation was then issued throughout Judah and Jerusalem for all the exiles to assemble in Jerusalem.

本会注释　　被掳归回的人。以斯拉喜欢用这个词组（见拉2:1；4:1；6:16,19；8:35等）。它包括犹大和以色列所有被掳归回的人。

拉10:8 凡不遵首领和长老所议定、三日之内不来的，就必抄他的家，使他离开被掳归回之人的会。

†[吕]凡不遵首领和长老所议定而在三天之内来到的，他的财物就必永献归神，他也必受隔开、不得属于流亡返回之大众。

†[思]照众首领和长老的议决：凡叁日不来者，他的一切财产应充公，他本人也应由充军归来的会众中革除。

†[当代]－

†[新译]所有不照着众领袖和众长老所议定，在三日之内来到的人，所有的财物都要充公，也要从被掳归回之人的会中被逐出。

†[Wlb]凡不从牧伯长老之议、三日内不至者、必籍其所有、绝于俘囚之会、

†[Xdv]如果有人在三天内不到，他的财产要被没收；他要从会众中被开除。

†[Kjv]And that whosoever would not come within three days, according to the counsel of the princes and the elders, all his substance should be forfeited, and himself separated from the congregation of those that had been carried away.

†[Nkjv]and that whoever would not come within three days, according to the instructions of the leaders and elders, all his property would be confiscated, and he himself would be separated from the assembly of those from the captivity.

†[BBE]And that if anyone did not come before three days were past, as ordered by the rulers and the responsible men, all his goods would be put under the curse, and he himself would be cut off from the meeting of the people who had come back.

†[GNT] by order of the leaders of the people. If any failed to come within three days, all their property would be confiscated, and they would lose their right to be members of the community.

†[NIV]Anyone who failed to appear within three days would forfeit all his property, in accordance with the decision of the officials and elders, and would himself be expelled from the assembly of the exiles.

本会注释　　三日之内。当时的犹大大约北至伯特利，南至伯帕利（Beth-Pelet）和别是巴，东至耶利哥，西至奥诺（Ono）。所有的边界离耶路撒冷都不超过80公里。故对于有活动能力的人来说，从听到通告那天起至到达首都，三天时间足够了。
　　抄。直译为“奉献”。这里的抄家不是申13:13-17所描述的毁灭。那是针对拜偶像的城市的。而是将财产归圣殿使用（见利27:28；见@书6:17@注释）。

拉10:9 于是，犹大和便雅悯众人，三日之内都聚集在耶路撒冷。那日正是九月二十日，众人都坐在上帝殿前的宽阔处；因这事，又因下大雨，就都战兢。 (串)撒上12:18

†[吕]于是犹大和便雅悯的众人三天之内都聚集在耶路撒冷；那时正是九月二十日。众民都坐在上帝殿前的广场上；就因为这事，又因为天下了大雨，大家直震颤发抖。

†[思]所有犹大和本雅明人，叁又内都聚集在耶路撒冷，时在九月日，众人都坐在天主殿前的广场上，为了这事和大雨的缘故，都战战兢兢。

†[当代]于是，到了九月二十日，也就是三天的期限届满的时候，所有犹大和便雅悯人就都聚集在耶路撒冷，坐在圣殿前面的广场上，他们都明白这件事的严重性，加上当时正下著滂沱大雨，众人就更加感到寒栗战惊。

†[新译]于是犹大和便雅悯众人，三日之内都在耶路撒冷聚集，那时是九月二十日，众人坐在　神殿的广场上；因为这事，又因为天下大雨的缘故，大家就都战栗发抖。

†[Wlb]三日内九月二十日、犹大与便雅悯人、咸集于耶路撒冷、坐于上帝室前之场、缘此事及霪雨、莫不战栗、

†[Xdv]三天内，就是到九月二十日，所有住在犹大和便雅悯境内的人都到了耶路撒冷，集合在圣殿的广场。那天，雨下得很大，由于天气的关系和这集会的重要性，每个人都直发抖。

†[Kjv]Then all the men of Judah and Benjamin gathered themselves together unto Jerusalem within three days. It was the ninth month, on the twentieth day of the month; and all the people sat in the street of the house of God, trembling because of this matter, an

†[Nkjv]So all the men of Judah and Benjamin gathered at Jerusalem within three days. It was the ninth month, on the twentieth of the month; and all the people sat in the open square of the house of God, trembling because of this matter and because of heavy rain.

†[BBE]Then all the men of Judah and Benjamin came together to Jerusalem before three days were past; it was the ninth month, on the twentieth day of the month; and all the people were seated in the wide square in front of the house of God, shaking with fear bec

†[GNT] Within the three days, on the twentieth day of the ninth month, all the men living in the territory of Judah and Benjamin came to Jerusalem and assembled in the Temple square. It was raining hard, and because of the weather and the importance of the meet

†[NIV]Within the three days, all the men of Judah and Benjamin had gathered in Jerusalem. And on the twentieth day of the ninth month, all the people were sitting in the square before the house of God, greatly distressed by the occasion and because of the rain.

本会注释　　二十日。公元前457年基斯流月二十日。可能是公历12月7日（见本书第108页）。
　　宽阔处。有文本为“大街”。可能指圣殿建筑的外院，可以容纳许多人。现在耶路撒冷的Haram esh-Sherîf，大致相当于古代圣殿的位置，连同其附属建筑，占地约142,137平方米。其广阔的院子里可以容纳几千人。圣殿的状况可能与此相似。
　　战兢。人们从不出席所面临的重罚，看出大会的严肃性。
　　大雨。这里的九月，始于公历十一月或十二月，给巴勒斯坦带来了大雨。冬季的雨始于十月末或十一月初，为小阵雨，但到了十二月初，就下起了大雨。偶然提到“大雨”似乎并不重要，但证明作者是目击证人，和故事的真实性。

拉10:10 祭司以斯拉站起来，对他们说：“你们有罪了；因你们娶了外邦的女子为妻，增添以色列人的罪恶。

†[吕]祭司以斯拉站了起来，对他们说：“你们不忠实了：你们娶外籍女人为妻，以致以色列人更加有罪。

†[思]厄斯德拉司祭起来向他们说：“你们娶了外方妇女而失了信，增加了以色列的罪孽；

†[当代]祭司以斯拉便站起来对他们说：“你们娶了外族人为妻，对上帝不忠，大大地加重以色列的罪孽。

†[新译]以斯拉祭司站起来，对他们说：“你们对　神不忠，娶了外族的女子为妻，增添了以色列的罪过。

†[Wlb]祭司以斯拉起而谓之曰、尔曹干咎、娶异族之女为妻、增以色列族之罪、

†[Xdv]祭司以斯拉站起来，对他们说：“你们不忠实，娶了外族女人，使以色列犯了罪。

†[Kjv]And Ezra the priest stood up, and said unto them, Ye have transgressed, and have taken strange wives, to increase the trespass of Israel.

†[Nkjv]Then Ezra the priest stood up and said to them, "You have transgressed and have taken pagan wives, adding to the guilt of Israel.

†[BBE]And Ezra the priest got to his feet and said to them, You have done wrong and taken strange women for your wives, so increasing the sin of Israel.

†[GNT] Ezra the priest stood up and spoke to them. He said, "You have been faithless and have brought guilt on Israel by marrying foreign women.

†[NIV]Then Ezra the priest stood up and said to them, "You have been unfaithful; you have married foreign women, adding to Israel's guilt.

本会注释　　此前，以斯拉似乎一直让行政当局负责此事。现在他勇敢地站出来，斥责所犯的罪，并以最高领导的身份，命令与外邦妻子断绝关系。

拉10:11 现在当向耶和华你们列祖的上帝认罪，遵行他的旨意，离绝这些国的民和外邦的女子。” (串)书7:19

†[吕]现在你们要向永恒主你们列祖的上帝认罪（原文：将颂赞献给永恒主你们列祖的上帝），遵行他所喜悦的，自己分别出来、脱离此地别族之民，脱离外籍的女人。”

†[思]现今你们应向上主你们的天主认罪，承行的旨意，离开本地异民和外方妇女”。

†[当代]现在，你们要赶快向你们祖先的主以色列的上帝认罪，遵行祂的命令，并且检点行为，远离外族人和你们那些有外族血统的妻子。”

†[新译]现在你们要向耶和华你们列祖的　神认罪，遵行他所喜悦的旨意，与这地的民族和外族的女子分离。”

†[Wlb]今当向尔列祖之上帝耶和华认罪、行其所悦、自绝于斯土之民、与异族之女、

†[Xdv]现在，你们要向上主──你们祖先的上帝认罪，做他喜悦的事，要跟住在我们土地的外族人断绝关系，离开你们的外族妻子。”

†[Kjv]Now therefore make confession unto the LORD God of your fathers, and do his pleasure: and separate yourselves from the people of the land, and from the strange wives.

†[Nkjv]Now therefore, make confession to the LORD God of your fathers, and do His will; separate yourselves from the peoples of the land, and from the pagan wives."

†[BBE]So now, give praise to the Lord, the God of your fathers, and do his pleasure; and make yourselves separate from the peoples of the land and from the strange women.

†[GNT] Now then, confess your sins to the Lord, the God of your ancestors, and do what pleases him. Separate yourselves from the foreigners living in our land and get rid of your foreign wives."

†[NIV]Now make confession to the Lord , the God of your fathers, and do his will. Separate yourselves from the peoples around you and from your foreign wives."

拉10:12 会众都大声回答说：“我们必照着你的话行，

†[吕]全体大众都大声回答说：“你怎么说，我们便怎么行就是了。

†[思]全会众都高声回答说：“你怎样说，我们就怎样做。

†[当代]以斯拉说完了以后，所有的人就高声回答说：“你说得对，我们理应依照你所说的去行。

†[新译]全体会众都大声回答说：“你怎么说，我们就怎么行。

†[Wlb]会众大声对曰、尔之所言、我必行之、

†[Xdv]民众大声回答：“你怎么说，我们就怎么做！”

†[Kjv]Then all the congregation answered and said with a loud voice, As thou hast said, so must we do.

†[Nkjv]Then all the assembly answered and said with a loud voice, "Yes! As you have said, so we must do.

†[BBE]Then all the people, answering, said with a loud voice, As you have said, so it is right for us to do.

†[GNT] The people shouted in answer, "We will do whatever you say."

†[NIV]The whole assembly responded with a loud voice: "You are right! We must do as you say.

拉10:13 只是百姓众多，又逢大雨的时令，我们不能站在外头，这也不是一两天办完的事，因我们在这事上犯了大罪；

†[吕]然而人民众多，又是下大雨节气，我们不能站在外头；这又不是一天两天的事，因为我们在这事上大有罪过了。

†[思]但因人民众多，又兼雨季，我们不能留在露天地，何况又不是一两天能完成的事，因为我们在这事上越规的人实在太多。

†[当代]可是，现在大雨还没有停止，我们不能在露天的地方留得太久；而且，事情也绝对不是用一两天的时间就可以解决的，因为犯这罪的人实在太多了。

†[新译]可是人太多，又逢下大雨的季节，我们不能停留在外面；这又不是一两天可以完成的事，因为我们很多人在这事上犯了罪！

†[Wlb]惟民众多、又值霪两、我侪不能立于外、且犯罪甚重、一二日间、不能毕事、

†[Xdv]不过，他们又说：“会众这么多，雨又这么大，我们不能像这样老站在外头。这不是一两天能办完的事，因为有很多人都卷入这罪恶。

†[Kjv]But the people are many, and it is a time of much rain, and we are not able to stand without, neither is this a work of one day or two: for we are many that have transgressed in this thing.

†[Nkjv]But there are many people; it is the season for heavy rain, and we are not able to stand outside. Nor is this the work of one or two days, for there are many of us who have transgressed in this matter.

†[BBE]But the number of people is great, and it is a time of much rain; it is not possible for us to go on waiting outside, and this is not a thing which may be done in one day or even two: for our sin in this business is great.

†[GNT] But they added, "The crowd is too big, and it's raining hard. We can't stand here in the open like this. This isn't something that can be done in one or two days, because so many of us are involved in this sin.

†[NIV]But there are many people here and it is the rainy season; so we cannot stand outside. Besides, this matter cannot be taken care of in a day or two, because we have sinned greatly in this thing.

本会注释　　“犯了大罪”的部分因素是违规人数之多。”

拉10:14 不如为全会众派首领办理。凡我们城邑中娶外邦女子为妻的，当按所定的日期，同着本城的长老和士师而来，直到办完这事，上帝的烈怒就转离我们了。” (串)尼13:31|代下29:10;30:8民25:4

†[吕]请为全体大众设立我们的首领；凡在我们各城市中、娶外籍女人为妻的、都要在指定的日期来；一城一城的长老和它的审判官也要和他们一同来，好使我们的上帝对于这事的烈怒转离我们。”

†[思]让我们的首领为众会众负责好了！凡在我们城内娶了外方妇女人，照指定的时候，同自己城内的长老和判官，一起前来了结此案，直到挽回我们的天主对此事的盛怒”。

†[当代]所以，我们倒不如把这事交给我们的领袖处理吧，让那些娶了外族人为妻的人，在指定的时间之内，跟他本城的法官和长老一起到领袖的面前清楚了断这事，这样，上帝的愤怒就会离开我们了。”

†[新译]让我们的领袖代表全体会众站在耶和华面前，所有在我们的城中娶了外族女子为妻的人，也都要在指定的日期，与本城的长老和审判官一起来，解决了这事，好使　神因这事所发的烈怒离开我们。”

†[Wlb]今当立我牧伯、为会众理此事、凡我邑中、娶异族之女者、偕其长老士师、届期咸至、迨上帝因斯事之怒息焉、

†[Xdv]让我们的官长留在耶路撒冷处理这件事；叫那些娶了外族妻子的人在指定的时间跟他城里的领袖和审判官一起来。这样，上帝对这事的怒气就会消除。”

†[Kjv]Let now our rulers of all the congregation stand, and let all them which have taken strange wives in our cities come at appointed times, and with them the elders of every city, and the judges thereof, until the fierce wrath of our God for this matter be t

†[Nkjv]Please, let the leaders of our entire assembly stand; and let all those in our cities who have taken pagan wives come at appointed times, together with the elders and judges of their cities, until the fierce wrath of our God is turned away from us in this

†[BBE]So now let our rulers be representatives for all the people, and let all those in our towns who are married to strange women come at fixed times, and with them the responsible men and the judges of every town, till the burning wrath of our God is turned a

†[GNT] Let our officials stay in Jerusalem and take charge of the matter. Then let anyone who has a foreign wife come at a set time, together with the leaders and the judges of his city. In this way God's anger over this situation will be turned away."

†[NIV]Let our officials act for the whole assembly. Then let everyone in our towns who has married a foreign woman come at a set time, along with the elders and judges of each town, until the fierce anger of our God in this matter is turned away from us."

本会注释　　不如为全会众派首领办理。由于需要调查并处理的案件太多，故建议授权给行政和司法官员处理这件事。所有违规的人都必须接受他们的处置。
　　直到办完这事，上帝的烈怒。这里原文的语法有些模糊，但译文可能是正确的。

拉10:15 惟有亚撒黑的儿子约拿单，特瓦的儿子雅哈谢阻挡（或作：总办）这事，并有米书兰和利未人沙比太帮助他们。 (串)拉8:16|尼11:16

†[吕]惟有亚撒黑的儿子约拿单、特瓦的儿子雅哈谢起来反对这事；并且有米书兰和利未人沙比太支持他们。

†[思]只有阿撒耳的儿子约纳堂，和提克瓦的儿子雅赫则雅，起来反对这种办法；还有默叔蓝和肋未人沙贝泰，支持他们。

†[当代]然而，亚撒黑的儿子约拿单，特瓦的儿子雅哈谢却反对这事；支持他们的还有米书兰和利未人沙比太。

†[新译]只有亚撒黑的儿子约拿单和特瓦的儿子雅哈谢起来反对这提议，还有米书兰和利未人沙比太支持他们。

†[Wlb]惟亚撒黑子约拿单、特瓦子雅哈谢、抵御此事、米书兰及利未人沙比太助之、

†[Xdv]大家都赞成这计划，只有亚撒黑的儿子乔纳单和特瓦的儿子雅哈谢两人反对；他们有米书兰和利未人沙比太支持。

†[Kjv]Only Jonathan the son of Asahel and Jahaziah the son of Tikvah were employed about this matter: and Meshullam and Shabbethai the Levite helped them.

†[Nkjv]Only Jonathan the son of Asahel and Jahaziah the son of Tikvah opposed this, and Meshullam and Shabbethai the Levite gave them support.

†[BBE]Only Jonathan, the son of Asahel, and Jahzeiah, the son of Tikvah, were against this, Meshullam and Shabbethai the Levite supporting them.

†[GNT] No one was opposed to the plan except Jonathan son of Asahel and Jahzeiah son of Tikvah, who had the support of Meshullam and of Shabbethai, a Levite.

†[NIV]Only Jonathan son of Asahel and Jahzeiah son of Tikvah, supported by Meshullam and Shabbethai the Levite, opposed this.

本会注释　　阻挡。直译是“站出来反对这事”。该词在代上21:1；但8:25；11:14中也有相同的含义。
　　没有说明约拿单，雅哈谢和他们的支持者反对的理由。这四个人也没有列在违规者的名单中，所以不能说他们是想保护自己。第15节中的利未人米书兰不是第29节的米书兰。那人不是利未人。因为违规的利未人列在第23,24节。这四个人要么是固执的狂热分子，反对任何拖延，想要马上解决问题，要么是受人收买，为不敢公开反对的一些违规者说话。不管是什么理由，他们都没有成功。圣经记载，以斯拉所提出的措施得到了落实。

拉10:16 被掳归回的人如此而行。祭司以斯拉和些族长按着宗族都指名见派；在十月初一日，一同在座查办这事，

†[吕]流亡返回的人就这样行。祭司以斯拉和一些父系族长的人就按着他们父系的家属把人分别出来（传统：‘被动态’），全都按名字被记录过（参拉8：20加上的）。这些人便在十月一日坐下来、查办这事。

†[思]由充军归来的子民就这样做了。厄斯德拉司祭，于是由各家族为自己选择了一些族长，都的提名指定的。他们便在十月一日，开庭审查此案，

†[当代]虽然有人反对，但其他的人仍然按照原来的计划行事。有一部分族长和我被选为审判官；在十月初一开始查办此事，直到正月初一，才查清娶了外族妇女为妻的人数。

†[新译]于是，被掳归回的人就这样行。以斯拉祭司提名选派了一些人，他们是各宗族的族长，他们在十月初一坐下来查办这事。

†[Wlb]俘囚之众遵言而行、祭司以斯拉与族长数人、循其宗族、按名见委、乃于十月朔、偕坐而察此事、

†[Xdv]从流亡回来的人都接受这计划，所以以斯拉祭司就从族长中指定一些人出来，记下他们的名字。十月初一日，这些人开始调查，

†[Kjv]And the children of the captivity did so. And Ezra the priest, with certain chief of the fathers, after the house of their fathers, and all of them by their names, were separated, and sat down in the first day of the tenth month to examine the matter.

†[Nkjv]Then the descendants of the captivity did so. And Ezra the priest, with certain heads of the fathers' households, were set apart by the fathers' households, each of them by name; and they sat down on the first day of the tenth month to examine the matter.

†[BBE]So those who had come back did so. And Ezra the priest, with certain heads of families, by their fathers' families, all of them by their names, were marked out; and on the first day of the tenth month they took their places to go into the question with ca

†[GNT] The returned exiles accepted the plan, so Ezra the priest appointed men from among the heads of the clans and recorded their names. On the first day of the tenth month they began their investigation,

†[NIV]So the exiles did as was proposed. Ezra the priest selected men who were family heads, one from each family division, and all of them designated by name. On the first day of the tenth month they sat down to investigate the cases,

本会注释　　祭司以斯拉和些族长按着宗族都指名见派。原文没有说是谁进行了委派。有些注释者和翻译者把经文改成了调查小组是由以斯拉委派的。
　　一同在座。奉命处理个人案件的调查小组，从提别月一日，就是公元前457年十二月十八日开始工作。这是耶路撒冷的群众大会决定将异邦妻子的问题提交由指定的领导人组成的调查小组处理十天以后。

拉10:17 到正月初一日，才查清娶外邦女子的人数。

†[吕]到正月一日他们才把所有娶了外籍女人为妻的人查办完毕。

†[思]直到一且日，方才办完关于娶外方妇女的男子的案件。

†[当代]－

†[新译]直到正月初一，他们才完成审查所有娶了外族的女子为妻的人。

†[Wlb]正月朔、凡娶异族之女者、已蒇其事、

†[Xdv]在三个月内，他们把所有娶外族女子的案件都调查过了。

†[Kjv]And they made an end with all the men that had taken strange wives by the first day of the first month.

†[Nkjv]By the first day of the first month they finished questioning all the men who had taken pagan wives.

†[BBE]And they got to the end of all the men who were married to strange women by the first day of the first month.

†[GNT] and within the next three months they investigated all the cases of men with foreign wives.

†[NIV]and by the first day of the first month they finished dealing with all the men who had married foreign women.

本会注释　　调查小组的工作到正月（尼散月）初一，即公元前456年4月15日结束。特别法庭的工作持续了几乎四个月，因为在公元前456年春天，尼散月之前可能还插入了一个阿达尔月（见本书108页；又见本书卷二103,116页）。

拉10:18 在祭司中查出娶外邦女子为妻的，就是耶书亚的子孙约萨达的儿子，和他弟兄玛西雅、以利以谢、雅立、基大利； (串)拉3:2

†[吕]在祭司的子孙中、娶外籍女人为妻被查出的：耶书亚的子孙中有约萨达的儿子和他的弟兄玛西雅、以利以谢、雅立、基大利。

†[思]在司祭中，发现有些人娶了外方的妇女；约匝达克的儿子耶叔亚的子孙和他的兄弟中，有玛阿色雅、厄里阿厄则尔、雅黎布和革达里雅；

†[当代]娶了外族女子为妻的祭司的名字就记在下面：他们是耶书亚的子孙约萨达的儿子和他的兄弟玛西雅、以利以谢、雅立和基大利。

†[新译]在祭司子孙中，娶了外族的女子为妻的有耶书亚的子孙，约萨达的儿子和他的兄弟玛西雅、以利以谢、雅立、基大利。

†[Wlb]察得祭司诸子中、娶异族之女者、耶书亚裔约萨达子、及其昆弟玛西雅、以利以谢、雅立、基大利、

†[Xdv]以下是娶外族女子的人的名单：祭司（以宗族排列）：约萨达的子孙，耶书亚和他兄弟们那宗族：玛西雅、以利以谢、雅立、基大利。

†[Kjv]And among the sons of the priests there were found that had taken strange wives: namely, of the sons of Jeshua the son of Jozadak, and his brethren; Maaseiah, and Eliezer, and Jarib, and Gedaliah.

†[Nkjv]And among the sons of the priests who had taken pagan wives the following were found of the sons of Jeshua the son of Jozadak, and his brothers: Maaseiah, Eliezer, Jarib, and Gedaliah.

†[BBE]And among the sons of the priests who were married to strange women were these: of the sons of Jeshua, the son of Jozadak and his brothers, Maaseiah and Eliezer and Jarib and Gedaliah.

†[GNT] This is the list of the men who had foreign wives: [Priests, ]listed by clans: Clan of Joshua and his brothers, sons of Jehozadak: Maaseiah, Eliezer, Jarib, and Gedaliah.

†[NIV]Among the descendants of the priests, the following had married foreign women: From the descendants of Jeshua son of Jozadak, and his brothers: Maaseiah, Eliezer, Jarib and Gedaliah.

本会注释　　在祭司中。以斯拉意识到国家有危险坠入他所设法除根的罪孽当中，就记录了违规者的名字，以惩罚他们，并警戒他人。在违规者的名单里，他首先列出责任最大的祭司。作为律法的监护人，他们有责任严格遵守律法的条例。按同样的原则，在祭司以后列出了利未人。再列出了几个违规的平民家族。在所罗巴伯名单的三十三个平民家族中只有九个违规。有一个家族在所罗巴伯的名单里没有。四个祭司家族中有三家，甚至有大祭司的近亲，列入违规者中间。
　　耶书亚的子孙。在祭司中首先有四个人，是随所罗巴伯回耶路撒冷的大祭司耶书亚的子孙和亲属（见@拉7:1@注释）。

拉10:19 他们便应许必休他们的妻。他们因有罪，就献群中的一只公绵羊赎罪。 (串)利6:6-7

†[吕]他们便举手起誓要将他们的妻子离出去；他们的解罪责祭牲（传统：那有罪责的）、是一只公绵羊来解除他们的罪责。

†[思]他们宣誓辞去自己的妻子，为赎自己的罪，献了一公绵羊作赎过祭。

†[当代]他们都答应了与妻子离婚，并且献上公羊作赎罪祭。

†[新译]他们举手起誓要送走他们的妻子，并献赎罪祭。他们就献上一只公绵羊，作他们的赎罪祭。

†[Wlb]皆执手为盟、许出其妻、因负罪戾、乃献牡绵羊一、以赎其罪、

†[Xdv]他们答应跟他们的妻子离婚，献上了一只公绵羊作牲祭，替他们赎罪。

†[Kjv]And they gave their hands that they would put away their wives; and being guilty, they offered a ram of the flock for their trespass.

†[Nkjv]And they gave their promise that they would put away their wives; and being guilty, they presented a ram of the flock as their trespass offering.

†[BBE]And they gave their word that they would put away their wives; and for their sin, they gave an offering of a male sheep of the flock.

†[GNT] They promised to divorce their wives, and they offered a ram as a sacrifice for their sins.

†[NIV]They all gave their hands in pledge to put away their wives, and for their guilt they each presented a ram from the flock as a guilt offering.)

本会注释　　这里叙述耶书亚的亲属与他们的外邦妻子离婚的程序。他们首先以握手的方式──可能是与调查小组的成员──宣誓放弃他们的妻子，并使她们与以色列会众分开。然后按照律法（利5:14-16；参利4:2）献一头公绵羊作为赎罪祭。以下的名单中只列出个人的名字和他们所属的家族，没有再重复离婚的程序。但对他们的要求是一样的。

拉10:20 音麦的子孙中，有哈拿尼、西巴第雅。

†[吕]音麦的子孙中有哈拿尼、西巴第雅。

†[思]依默尔的子孙，有哈纳尼和则巴狄雅；

†[当代]此外，娶了外族人为妻的还有音麦的子孙哈拿尼和西巴第雅。

†[新译]音麦的子孙中，有哈拿尼和西巴第雅。

†[Wlb]又有音麦裔哈拿尼、西巴第雅、

†[Xdv]音麦宗族：哈拿尼、西巴第雅。

†[Kjv]And of the sons of Immer; Hanani, and Zebadiah.

†[Nkjv]Also of the sons of Immer: Hanani and Zebadiah;

†[BBE]And of the sons of Immer, Hanani and Zebadiah.

†[GNT] Clan of Immer: Hanani and Zebadiah

†[NIV]From the descendants of Immer: Hanani and Zebadiah.

本会注释　　关于祭司的家族，见拉2:36-39。连大祭司的家族（第18节）在内，共提到有十七个家族违规。与《以斯拉记》第2章的名单相对照，可以看出随所罗巴伯归回的祭司中，没有一等是不与这种违规有份的。第20-22节的有些名字还出现在尼8:4和尼10:2-9中，指的可能是同样的人。

拉10:21 哈琳的子孙中，有玛西雅、以利雅、示玛雅、耶歇、乌西雅。 (串)本章31

†[吕]哈琳的子孙中有玛西雅、以利雅、示玛雅、耶歇、乌西雅。

†[思]哈陵的子孙有玛阿色雅、厄里雅、舍玛雅、耶希耳和乌雅；

†[当代]哈琳的子孙之中有玛西雅、以利雅、示玛雅、耶歇和乌西雅。

†[新译]哈琳的子孙中，有玛西雅、以利雅、示玛雅、耶歇和乌西雅。

†[Wlb]哈琳裔玛西雅、以利雅、示玛雅、耶歇、乌西雅、

†[Xdv]哈琳宗族：玛西雅、以利雅、示玛雅、耶歇、乌西雅。

†[Kjv]And of the sons of Harim; Maaseiah, and Elijah, and Shemaiah, and Jehiel, and Uzziah.

†[Nkjv]of the sons of Harim: Maaseiah, Elijah, Shemaiah, Jehiel, and Uzziah;

†[BBE]And of the sons of Harim, Maaseiah and Elijah and Shemaiah and Jehiel and Uzziah.

†[GNT] Clan of Harim: Maaseiah, Elijah, Shemaiah, Jehiel, and Uzziah

†[NIV]From the descendants of Harim: Maaseiah, Elijah, Shemaiah, Jehiel and Uzziah.

拉10:22 巴施户珥的子孙中，有以利约乃、玛西雅、以实玛利、拿坦业、约撒拔、以利亚撒。

†[吕]巴施户珥的子孙中有以利约乃、玛西雅、以实玛利、拿坦业、约撒拔、以利亚撒。

†[思]帕市胡尔的子孙，有厄里约乃、玛阿色雅、依市玛耳、乃塔乃耳、约匝巴得和厄拉撒；

†[当代]巴施户珥的子孙之中有以利约乃、玛西雅、以实玛利、拿坦业、约撒拔和以利亚撒。

†[新译]巴施户珥的子孙中，有以利约乃、玛西雅、以实玛利、拿坦业、约撒拔和以利亚撒。

†[Wlb]巴施户珥裔以利约乃、玛西雅、以实玛利、拿坦业、约撒拔、以利亚撒、

†[Xdv]巴施户珥宗族：以利约乃、玛西雅、以实玛利、拿坦业、约撒拔、以利亚撒。

†[Kjv]And of the sons of Pashur; Elioenai, Maaseiah, Ishmael, Nethaneel, Jozabad, and Elasah.

†[Nkjv]of the sons of Pashhur: Elioenai, Maaseiah, Ishmael, Nethanel, Jozabad, and Elasah.

†[BBE]And of the sons of Pashhur, Elioenai, Maaseiah, Ishmael, Nethanel, Jozabad, and Elasah.

†[GNT] Clan of Pashhur: Elioenai, Maaseiah, Ishmael, Nethanel, Jozabad, and Elasah

†[NIV]From the descendants of Pashhur: Elioenai, Maaseiah, Ishmael, Nethanel, Jozabad and Elasah.

拉10:23 利未人中，有约撒拔、示每、基拉雅（基拉雅就是基利他），还有毗他希雅、犹大、以利以谢。

†[吕]利未人中有约撒拔、示每、基拉雅［就是基利他］、还有毗他希雅、犹大、以利以谢。

†[思]肋未人有约匝巴得、史米、刻拉雅即刻里达、培塔希雅、犹达和厄里厄则尔；

†[当代]又有利未人约撒拔、示每、基拉雅（基拉雅又名基利他）、毗他希雅、犹大和以利以谢。

†[新译]利未人中有约撒拔、示每、基拉雅（又叫基利他），还有毗他希雅、犹大和以利以谢。

†[Wlb]利未人约撒拔、示每、基拉雅、又名基利他、毗他希雅、犹大、以利以谢、

†[Xdv]利未人：约撒拔、示每、基拉雅（又叫基利他）、比他希雅、犹大、以利以谢。

†[Kjv]Also of the Levites; Jozabad, and Shimei, and Kelaiah, (the same is Kelita,) Pethahiah, Judah, and Eliezer.

†[Nkjv]Also of the Levites: Jozabad, Shimei, Kelaiah (the same is Kelita), Pethahiah, Judah, and Eliezer.

†[BBE]And of the Levites, Jozabad, and Shimei, and Kelaiah (that is Kelita), Pethahiah, Judah, and Eliezer.

†[GNT] [Levites:] Jozabad, Shimei, Kelaiah (also called Kelita), Pethahiah, Judah, and Eliezer

†[NIV]Among the Levites: Jozabad, Shimei, Kelaiah (that is, Kelita), Pethahiah, Judah and Eliezer.

本会注释　　在利未人中只列出六个名字。但没有说他们是属于哪个家族。基拉雅，又名基利他，见于尼8:7和尼10:10。约撒拨还见于尼8:7。

拉10:24 歌唱的人中有以利亚实。守门的人中，有沙龙、提联、乌利。

†[吕]歌唱人之中有以利亚实。守门人之中有沙龙、提联、乌利。

†[思]歌咏者中有厄肋雅史布；守门者中有沙隆、特冷和乌黎。

†[当代]也有负责歌唱的以利亚实和负责守门的沙龙、提联和乌利。

†[新译]歌唱者中，有以利亚实。守门的人中，有沙龙、提联和乌利。

†[Wlb]讴歌者以利亚实、司阍者沙龙、提联、乌利、

†[Xdv]歌手：伊莱贾实。圣殿守卫：沙龙、提联、乌利。

†[Kjv]Of the singers also; Eliashib: and of the porters; Shallum, and Telem, and Uri.

†[Nkjv]Also of the singers: Eliashib; and of the gatekeepers: Shallum, Telem, and Uri.

†[BBE]And of the music-makers, Eliashib; and of the door-keepers, Shallum and Telem and Uri.

†[GNT] [Musicians:] Eliashib [Temple guards:] Shallum, Telem, and Uri

†[NIV]From the singers: Eliashib. From the gatekeepers: Shallum, Telem and Uri.

本会注释　　列出了一个歌唱的人和三个守门的人。

拉10:25 以色列人巴录的子孙中，有拉米、耶西雅、玛基雅、米雅民、以利亚撒、玛基雅、比拿雅。 (串)拉2:3;8:3

†[吕]属以色列人的、巴录的子孙中有拉米、耶西雅、玛基雅、米雅民、以利亚撒、哈沙比雅（传统：玛基雅）、比拿雅。

†[思]以色列平民帕洛士的子孙，有辣米雅、依齐雅。玛耳基雅、米雅明、厄肋阿匝尔、玛耳基雅和贝纳雅；

†[当代]在以色列人巴录的子孙中有拉米、耶西雅、玛基雅、米雅民、以利亚撒、玛基雅和比拿雅。

†[新译]属以色列人的巴录的子孙中，有拉米、耶西雅、玛基雅、米雅民、以利亚撒、玛基雅、比拿雅。

†[Wlb]以色列人、巴录裔拉米、耶西雅、玛基亚、米雅民、以利亚撒、玛基亚、比拿雅、

†[Xdv]其它的人：巴录宗族：拉米、耶西雅、玛基雅、米雅民、以利亚撒、玛基亚、比拿雅。

†[Kjv]Moreover of Israel: of the sons of Parosh; Ramiah, and Jeziah, and Malchiah, and Miamin, and Eleazar, and Malchijah, and Benaiah.

†[Nkjv]And others of Israel: of the sons of Parosh: Ramiah, Jeziah, Malchiah, Mijamin, Eleazar, Malchijah, and Benaiah;

†[BBE]And of Israel, the sons of Parosh, Ramiah and Izziah and Malchijah and Mijamin and Eleazar and Malchijah and Benaiah.

†[GNT] [Others:] Clan of Parosh: Ramiah, Izziah, Malchijah, Mijamin, Eleazar, Malchijah, and Benaiah

†[NIV]And among the other Israelites: From the descendants of Parosh: Ramiah, Izziah, Malkijah, Mijamin, Eleazar, Malkijah and Benaiah.

本会注释　　以色列人。即平民，共列出八十六个人。十个家族中有九个列在所罗巴伯的名单中。两个巴尼家族（第29节和34节），在所罗巴伯的名单里只有一个，说明第二家是以后回来的。

拉10:26 以拦的子孙中，有玛他尼、撒迦利亚、耶歇、押底、耶利末、以利雅。

†[吕]以拦的子孙中有玛他尼、撒迦利亚、耶歇、押底、耶利末、以利雅。

†[思]厄蓝的子孙，有玛塔尼雅、则加黎雅、耶希耳、阿贝狄、耶勒摩特和厄里雅、；

†[当代]以拦的子孙之中有玛他尼、撒迦利亚、耶歇、押底、耶利末和以利雅。

†[新译]以拦的子孙中，有玛他尼、撒迦利亚、耶歇、押底、耶利末和以利雅。

†[Wlb]以拦裔玛他尼、撒迦利亚、耶歇、押底、耶利末、以利雅、

†[Xdv]以拦宗族：玛他尼、撒迦利亚、耶歇、押底、耶利末、以利雅。

†[Kjv]And of the sons of Elam; Mattaniah, Zechariah, and Jehiel, and Abdi, and Jeremoth, and Eliah.

†[Nkjv]of the sons of Elam: Mattaniah, Zechariah, Jehiel, Abdi, Jeremoth, and Eliah;

†[BBE]And of the sons of Elam, Mattaniah, Zechariah, and Jehiel and Abdi and Jeremoth and Elijah.

†[GNT] Clan of Elam: Mattaniah, Zechariah, Jehiel, Abdi, Jeremoth, and Elijah

†[NIV]From the descendants of Elam: Mattaniah, Zechariah, Jehiel, Abdi, Jeremoth and Elijah.

本会注释　　耶歇。可能是示迦尼的父亲。他曾为以斯拉出主意（见第2节）。

拉10:27 萨土的子孙中，有以利约乃、以利亚实、玛他尼、耶利末、撒拔、亚西撒。

†[吕]萨土的子孙中有以利约乃、以利亚实、玛他尼、耶利末、撒拔、亚西撒。

†[思]厄突的子孙，有厄里约乃、厄肋雅史布、玛塔尼雅、耶勒摩特、匝巴得和阿齐匝；

†[当代]萨土的子孙之中有以利约乃、以利亚实、玛他尼、耶利末、撒拔和亚西撒。

†[新译]萨土的子孙中，有以利约乃、以利亚实、玛他尼、耶利末、撒拔和亚西撒。

†[Wlb]萨土裔以利约乃、以利亚实、玛他尼、耶利末、撒拔、亚西撒、

†[Xdv]萨土宗族：以利约乃、伊莱贾实、玛他尼、耶利末、撒拔、亚西撒。

†[Kjv]And of the sons of Zattu; Elioenai, Eliashib, Mattaniah, and Jeremoth, and Zabad, and Aziza.

†[Nkjv]of the sons of Zattu: Elioenai, Eliashib, Mattaniah, Jeremoth, Zabad, and Aziza;

†[BBE]And of the sons of Zattu, Elioenai, Eliashib, Mattaniah, and Jeremoth and Zabad and Aziza.

†[GNT] Clan of Zattu: Elioenai, Eliashib, Mattaniah, Jeremoth, Zabad, and Aziza

†[NIV]From the descendants of Zattu: Elioenai, Eliashib, Mattaniah, Jeremoth, Zabad and Aziza.

拉10:28 比拜的子孙中，有约哈难、哈拿尼雅、萨拜、亚勒。

†[吕]比拜的子孙中有约哈难、哈拿尼雅、萨拜、亚勒。

†[思]贝拜的子孙，有约哈南、哈纳尼雅、匝拜和阿特来；

†[当代]比拜的子孙之中有约哈难、哈拿尼雅、萨拜和亚勒。

†[新译]比拜的子孙中，有约哈难、哈拿尼雅、萨拜和亚勒。

†[Wlb]比拜裔约哈难、哈拿尼雅、萨拜、亚勒、

†[Xdv]比拜宗族：约哈难、哈拿尼雅、萨拜、亚勒。

†[Kjv]Of the sons also of Bebai; Jehohanan, Hananiah, Zabbai, and Athlai.

†[Nkjv]of the sons of Bebai: Jehohanan, Hananiah, Zabbai, and Athlai;

†[BBE]And of the sons of Bebai, Jehohanan, Hananiah, Zabbai, Athlai.

†[GNT] Clan of Bebai: Jehohanan, Hananiah, Zabbai, and Athlai

†[NIV]From the descendants of Bebai: Jehohanan, Hananiah, Zabbai and Athlai.

拉10:29 巴尼的子孙中，有米书兰、玛鹿、亚大雅、雅述、示押、耶利末。 (串)本章34

†[吕]巴尼的子孙中有米书兰、玛鹿、亚大雅、雅述、示押，耶利末。

†[思]巴尼的子孙，有默叔蓝、玛路克、哈达雅、雅叔布、舍阿耳和耶勒摩特；

†[当代]巴尼的子孙之中有米书兰、玛鹿、亚大雅、雅述、示押和耶利末。

†[新译]巴尼的子孙中，有米书兰、玛鹿、亚大雅、雅述、示押和耶利末。

†[Wlb]巴尼裔米书兰、玛鹿、亚大雅、雅述、示押、耶利末、

†[Xdv]巴尼宗族：米书兰、玛鹿、亚大雅、雅述、示押、耶利末。

†[Kjv]And of the sons of Bani; Meshullam, Malluch, and Adaiah, Jashub, and Sheal, and Ramoth.

†[Nkjv]of the sons of Bani: Meshullam, Malluch, Adaiah, Jashub, Sheal, and Ramoth;

†[BBE]And of the sons of Bani, Meshullam, Malluch, and Adaiah, Jashub and Sheal, Jeremoth.

†[GNT] Clan of Bani: Meshullam, Malluch, Adaiah, Jashub, Sheal, and Jeremoth

†[NIV]From the descendants of Bani: Meshullam, Malluch, Adaiah, Jashub, Sheal and Jeremoth.

拉10:30 巴哈摩押的子孙中，有阿底拿、基拉、比拿雅、玛西雅、玛他尼、比撒列、宾内、玛拿西。

†[吕]巴哈摩押的子孙中有阿底拿、基拉、比拿雅、玛西雅、玛他尼、比撒列、宾内、玛拿西。

†[思]帕哈特摩阿布的子孙，有阿德纳、革拉耳、贝纳雅、玛阿色雅、玛塔尼雅、贝匝肋耳、彼奴依和默纳舍；

†[当代]巴哈摩押的子孙之中有阿底拿、基拉、比拿雅、玛西雅、玛他尼、比撒列、宾内和玛拿西。

†[新译]巴哈摩押的子孙中，有阿底拿、基拉、比拿雅、玛西雅、玛他尼、比撒列、宾内和玛拿西。

†[Wlb]巴哈摩押裔阿底拿、基拉、比拿雅、玛西雅、玛他尼、比撒列、宾内、玛拿西、

†[Xdv]巴哈摩押宗族：阿底拿、基拉、比拿雅、玛西雅、玛他尼、比撒列、宾内、玛拿西。

†[Kjv]And of the sons of Pahathmoab; Adna, and Chelal, Benaiah, Maaseiah, Mattaniah, Bezaleel, and Binnui, and Manasseh.

†[Nkjv]of the sons of Pahath-Moab: Adna, Chelal, Benaiah, Maaseiah, Mattaniah, Bezalel, Binnui, and Manasseh;

†[BBE]And of the sons of Pahath-moab, Adna and Chelal, Benaiah, Maaseiah, Mattaniah, Bezalel and Binnui and Manasseh.

†[GNT] Clan of Pahath Moab: Adna, Chelal, Benaiah, Maaseiah, Mattaniah, Bezalel, Binnui, and Manasseh

†[NIV]From the descendants of Pahath-Moab: Adna, Kelal, Benaiah, Maaseiah, Mattaniah, Bezalel, Binnui and Manasseh.

拉10:31 哈琳的子孙中，有以利以谢、伊示雅、玛基雅、示玛雅、西缅、

†[吕]哈琳的子孙中有以利以谢、伊示雅、玛基雅、示玛雅、西缅，

†[思]哈陵的子孙，有厄里厄则尔、依史雅、玛耳基雅、舍玛雅、史默红、

†[当代]哈琳的子孙之中有以利以谢、伊示雅、玛基雅、示玛雅、西缅、

†[新译]哈琳的子孙中，有以利以谢、伊示雅、玛基雅、示玛雅、西缅、

†[Wlb]哈琳裔以利以谢、伊示雅、玛基雅、示玛雅、西缅、

†[Xdv]哈琳宗族：以利以谢、伊示雅、玛基雅、示玛雅、西缅、

†[Kjv]And of the sons of Harim; Eliezer, Ishijah, Malchiah, Shemaiah, Shimeon,

†[Nkjv]of the sons of Harim: Eliezer, Ishijah, Malchijah, Shemaiah, Shimeon,

†[BBE]And of the sons of Harim, Eliezer, Isshijah, Malchijah, Shemaiah, Shimeon,

†[GNT] Clan of Harim: Eliezer, Isshijah, Malchijah, Shemaiah, Shimeon, Benjamin, Malluch, and Shemariah

†[NIV]From the descendants of Harim: Eliezer, Ishijah, Malkijah, Shemaiah, Shimeon,

拉10:32 便雅悯、玛鹿、示玛利雅。

†[吕]便雅悯、玛鹿、示玛利雅。

†[思]本雅明、玛路克和舍玛黎雅；

†[当代]便雅悯、玛鹿、示玛利雅。

†[新译]便雅悯、玛鹿和示玛利雅。

†[Wlb]便雅悯、玛鹿、示玛利雅、

†[Xdv]便雅悯、玛鹿、示玛利雅。

†[Kjv]Benjamin, Malluch, and Shemariah.

†[Nkjv]Benjamin, Malluch, and Shemariah;

†[BBE]Benjamin, Malluch, Shemariah.

†[GNT] －

†[NIV]Benjamin, Malluch and Shemariah.

拉10:33 哈顺的子孙中，有玛特乃、玛达他、撒拔、以利法列、耶利买、玛拿西、示每。

†[吕]哈顺的子孙中有玛特乃、玛达他、撒拔、以利法列、耶利买、玛拿西、示每。

†[思]哈雄的子孙，有玛特、玛达达、匝巴得、厄里培约特、耶勒买、默纳舍和史米；

†[当代]哈顺的子孙之中有玛特乃、玛达他、撒拔、以利法列、耶利买、玛拿西和示每。

†[新译]哈顺的子孙中，有玛特乃、玛达他、撒拔、以利法列、耶利买、玛拿西和示每。

†[Wlb]哈顺裔玛特乃、玛达他、撒拔、以利法列、耶利买、玛拿西、示每、

†[Xdv]哈顺宗族：玛特乃、玛达他、撒拔、以利法列、耶利买、玛拿西、示每。

†[Kjv]Of the sons of Hashum; Mattenai, Mattathah, Zabad, Eliphelet, Jeremai, Manasseh, and Shimei.

†[Nkjv]of the sons of Hashum: Mattenai, Mattattah, Zabad, Eliphelet, Jeremai, Manasseh, and Shimei;

†[BBE]Of the sons of Hashum, Mattenai, Mattattah, Zabad, Eliphelet, Jeremai, Manasseh, Shimei.

†[GNT] Clan of Hashum: Mattenai, Mattattah, Zabad, Eliphelet, Jeremai, Manasseh, and Shimei

†[NIV]From the descendants of Hashum: Mattenai, Mattattah, Zabad, Eliphelet, Jeremai, Manasseh and Shimei.

拉10:34 巴尼的子孙中，有玛玳、暗兰、乌益、

†[吕]巴尼的子孙中有玛玳、暗兰、乌益（当作‘约珥’［参尼11：9］）、

†[思]巴尼的子孙，有玛阿待、阿默兰、约厄耳、

†[当代]巴尼的子孙之中有玛玳、暗兰、乌益、

†[新译]巴尼的子孙中，有玛代、暗兰、乌益、

†[Wlb]巴尼裔玛玳、暗兰、乌益、

†[Xdv]巴尼宗族：玛玳、暗兰、乌益、

†[Kjv]Of the sons of Bani; Maadai, Amram, and Uel,

†[Nkjv]of the sons of Bani: Maadai, Amram, Uel,

†[BBE]Of the sons of Bani, Maadai, Amram, and Uel,

†[GNT] Clan of Bani: Maadai, Amram, Uel, Benaiah, Bedeiah, Cheluhi, Vaniah, Meremoth, Eliashib, Mattaniah, Mattenai, and Jaasu

†[NIV]From the descendants of Bani: Maadai, Amram, Uel,

拉10:35 比拿雅、比底雅、基禄、

†[吕]比拿雅、比底雅、基禄、

†[思]贝纳雅、贝狄雅、革路希、

†[当代]比拿雅、比底雅、基禄、

†[新译]比拿雅、比底雅、基禄、

†[Wlb]比拿雅、比底雅、基禄、

†[Xdv]比拿雅、比底雅、基禄、

†[Kjv]Benaiah, Bedeiah, Chelluh,

†[Nkjv]Benaiah, Bedeiah, Cheluh,

†[BBE]Benaiah, Bedeiah, Cheluhi,

†[GNT] －

†[NIV]Benaiah, Bedeiah, Keluhi,

拉10:36 瓦尼雅、米利末、以利亚实、

†[吕]瓦尼雅、米利末、以利亚实、

†[思]瓦尼雅、默勒摩特、厄肋雅史布、

†[当代]瓦尼雅、米利末、以利亚实、

†[新译]瓦尼雅、米利末、以利亚实、

†[Wlb]瓦尼雅、米利末、以利亚实、

†[Xdv]瓦尼雅、米利末、伊莱贾实、

†[Kjv]Vaniah, Meremoth, Eliashib,

†[Nkjv]Vaniah, Meremoth, Eliashib,

†[BBE]Vaniah, Meremoth, Eliashib,

†[GNT] －

†[NIV]Vaniah, Meremoth, Eliashib,

拉10:37 玛他尼、玛特乃、雅扫、

†[吕]玛他尼、玛特乃、雅扫。

†[思]玛塔尼雅、玛特乃、雅阿扫、

†[当代]玛他尼、玛特乃、雅扫、

†[新译]玛他尼、玛特乃、雅扫、

†[Wlb]玛他尼、玛特乃、雅扫、

†[Xdv]玛他尼、玛特乃、雅扫。

†[Kjv]Mattaniah, Mattenai, and Jaasau,

†[Nkjv]Mattaniah, Mattenai, Jaasai,

†[BBE]Mattaniah, Mattenai, and Jaasu,

†[GNT] －

†[NIV]Mattaniah, Mattenai and Jaasu.

拉10:38 巴尼、宾内、示每、

†[吕]宾内的子孙中（传统：巴尼宾内。今仿七十子译之）有示每、

†[思]巴尼、彼奴依、史米、

†[当代]巴尼、宾内、示每、

†[新译]巴尼、宾内、示每、

†[Wlb]巴尼、宾内、示每、

†[Xdv]宾内宗族：示每、

†[Kjv]And Bani, and Binnui, Shimei,

†[Nkjv]Bani, Binnui, Shimei,

†[BBE]And Bani and Binnui, Shimei;

†[GNT] Clan of Binnui: Shimei, Shelemiah, Nathan, Adaiah, Machnadebai, Shashai, Sharai, Azarel, Shelemiah, Shemariah, Shallum, Amariah, and Joseph

†[NIV]From the descendants of Binnui: Shimei,

拉10:39 示利米雅、拿单、亚大雅、

†[吕]示利米雅、拿单、亚大雅、

†[思]舍肋米雅、纳堂、阿达雅、

†[当代]示利米雅、拿单、亚大雅、

†[新译]示利米雅、拿单、亚大雅、

†[Wlb]示利米雅、拿单、亚大雅、

†[Xdv]示利米雅、拿单、亚大雅、

†[Kjv]And Shelemiah, and Nathan, and Adaiah,

†[Nkjv]Shelemiah, Nathan, Adaiah,

†[BBE]And Shelemiah and Nathan and Adaiah,

†[GNT] －

†[NIV]Shelemiah, Nathan, Adaiah,

拉10:40 玛拿底拜、沙赛、沙赖、

†[吕]玛拿底拜、沙赛、沙赖、

†[思]玛革纳德拜、沙瑟、沙赖、

†[当代]玛拿底拜、沙赛、沙赖、

†[新译]玛拿底拜、沙赛、沙赖、

†[Wlb]玛拿底拜、沙赛、沙赖、

†[Xdv]玛拿底拜、沙赛、沙赖、

†[Kjv]Machnadebai, Shashai, Sharai,

†[Nkjv]Machnadebai, Shashai, Sharai,

†[BBE]Machnadebai, Shashai, Sharai,

†[GNT] －

†[NIV]Macnadebai, Shashai, Sharai,

拉10:41 亚萨利、示利米雅、示玛利雅、

†[吕]亚萨利、示利米雅、示玛利雅、

†[思]阿匝勒耳、舍勒米雅、舍玛黎雅、

†[当代]亚萨利、示利米雅、示玛利雅、

†[新译]亚萨利、示利米雅、示玛利雅、

†[Wlb]亚萨利、示利米雅、示玛利雅、

†[Xdv]亚萨利、示利米雅、示玛利雅、

†[Kjv]Azareel, and Shelemiah, Shemariah,

†[Nkjv]Azarel, Shelemiah, Shemariah,

†[BBE]Azarel and Shelemiah, Shemariah,

†[GNT] －

†[NIV]Azarel, Shelemiah, Shemariah,

拉10:42 沙龙、亚玛利雅、约瑟。

†[吕]沙龙、亚玛利雅、约瑟。

†[思]沙隆、阿玛黎雅、约色夫；

†[当代]沙龙、亚玛利雅和约瑟。

†[新译]沙龙、亚玛利雅、约瑟。

†[Wlb]沙龙、亚玛利雅、约瑟、

†[Xdv]沙龙、亚玛利雅、约瑟。

†[Kjv]Shallum, Amariah, and Joseph.

†[Nkjv]Shallum, Amariah, and Joseph;

†[BBE]Shallum, Amariah, Joseph.

†[GNT] －

†[NIV]Shallum, Amariah and Joseph.

拉10:43 尼波的子孙中，有耶利、玛他提雅、撒拔、西比拿、雅玳、约珥、比拿雅。

†[吕]尼波的子孙中有耶利、玛他提雅、撒拔、西比拿、雅玳、约珥、比拿雅。

†[思]乃波的子孙，有耶依耳、玛提提雅、匝巴得、则彼纳、约厄耳和贝纳雅；

†[当代]尼波的子孙之中有耶利、玛他提雅、撒拔、西比拿、雅玳、约珥和比拿雅。

†[新译]尼波的子孙中，有耶利、玛他提雅、撒拔、西比拿、雅玳、约珥和比拿雅。

†[Wlb]尼波裔耶利、玛他提雅、撒拔、西比拿、雅玳、约珥、比拿雅、

†[Xdv]尼波宗族：耶利、玛他提雅、撒拔、西比拿、雅玳、约珥、比拿雅。

†[Kjv]Of the sons of Nebo; Jeiel, Mattithiah, Zabad, Zebina, Jadau, and Joel, Benaiah.

†[Nkjv]of the sons of Nebo: Jeiel, Mattithiah, Zabad, Zebina, Jaddai, Joel, and Benaiah.

†[BBE]Of the sons of Nebo, Jeiel, Mattithiah, Zabad, Zebina, Iddo, and Joel, Benaiah.

†[GNT] Clan of Nebo: Jeiel, Mattithiah, Zabad, Zebina, Jaddai, Joel, and Benaiah

†[NIV]From the descendants of Nebo: Jeiel, Mattithiah, Zabad, Zebina, Jaddai, Joel and Benaiah.

拉10:44 这些人都娶了外邦女子为妻，其中也有生了儿女的。 (串)本章3

†[吕]这些人都娶了外籍女人为妻；但是他们都把妻子和儿女打发走（经文有残缺，意难确定。今仿次经以斯拉上九：36译之）。

†[思]以上诸人都娶了外方妇女，有的妇女也生了儿女。

†[当代]这些人都娶了外族的女子为妻，其中有些还生了子女。

†[新译]这些人都娶了外族的女子为妻，但他们都把妻子和儿女送走了（本节经文残缺，意义难确定，或译︰“有的妻子也生了儿女”）。

†[Wlb]以上所载、俱娶异族之女为妻、亦有由之生育子女者、

†[Xdv]以上这些人都娶了外族的女子。他们都把妻子和儿女送走。

†[Kjv]All these had taken strange wives: and some of them had wives by whom they had children.

†[Nkjv]All these had taken pagan wives, and some of them had wives by whom they had children.

†[BBE]All these had taken strange wives; and some of them had wives by whom they had offspring.

†[GNT] All these men had foreign wives. They divorced them and sent them and their children away.

†[NIV]All these had married foreign women, and some of them had children by these wives.

本会注释　　这一节的希伯来原文有些含糊。中译文十分接近于原文。大多数现代学者改动了原文，把后半节译为：“他们送走了女人和她们的儿子”。无论原意如何，作者似乎都想说明，有了孩子离婚就更困难一些。所有案子的处理方式都是一样的。
　　第18-43节的名单说明共有113个人娶了外邦女子。如果知道以斯拉时代犹大人口的规模，就能正确了解这种弊端在犹大的状况。由于得不到这样的数字，我们只能参照约八十年前随所罗巴伯返回犹大的人口：

	随所罗巴伯回归的人数	与外邦女子结婚的人数	比例
祭司利未人歌手守门人平民合计	4,289 74 128 139 24,144 28,774	17 6 1 3 86 113	0.4 8.1 0.8 2.2 0.4 0.3

　　由于只有少数利未人随所罗巴伯回来，与上列其他组别相比，他们违规的比例较高。其他组别在一千个人中平均至少有三人与外邦女人结婚。以斯拉在实施改革的措施时没有遇到什么反对，部分原因就是违规者的比例较低。
　　尽管违规的人数不多，其倾向却是危险的。以斯拉和其他虔诚的领袖决心使国家摆脱异教的影响。与以斯拉的改革类似的做法在其他古代国家也发生过，目的通常是为了保持民族的纯洁。公元前445年以前（有人说是公元前437年），罗马是禁止贵族与平民结婚的。公元前451/450年，伯里克利曾在雅典实施一条法律：只有父母是正统雅典人者才能继续作为雅典的公民。大约有五千人因为不是纯粹雅典血统而不幸被卖为奴隶
　　以斯拉知道，公元前586年耶路撒冷毁灭、国家灭亡的大灾难，是因拜偶像而造成的。必须千方百计防止这种罪恶死灰复燃。当他到达耶路撒冷的时候，这种罪恶还处在萌芽状态。如果不加以制止，不久将无法控制。所以必须不惜任何个人代价予以根除。在大祭司和领袖的家族中也有人违规，这是特别危险的。以斯拉现在所采取，以及尼希米后来所采取的措施，使犹太人对于异族通婚产生厌恶。这种态度使犹太人一般不与外族通婚，直到如今。相比之下，犹大周围的古代民族因为互相通婚和迁移，均已不复存在。

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