创世记第38章

《圣经》创世记-第38章

创38:1 那时，犹大离开他弟兄下去，到一个亚杜兰人名叫希拉的家里去。 (串)撒上22:1撒下23:13代上11:15弥1:15

†[吕]那时犹大离开他弟兄下去，直走到一个亚杜兰人名叫希拉家里。

†[思]那时犹大离开自己的兄弟，下到一个名叫希辣的阿杜蓝人那住下了。

†[当代]那时，犹大离开了他的兄弟，住在亚杜兰人希拉的家里。

†[新译]那时，犹大离开他的众兄弟下去，到一个亚杜兰人的家里居住，那人名叫希拉。

†[Wlb]维时、犹大离诸昆弟、就亚杜兰人希拉、

†[Xdv]大约在那时候，犹大离开他的兄弟们，去跟一个亚杜兰人希拉住在一起。

†[Kjv]And it came to pass at that time, that Judah went down from his brethren, and turned in to a certain Adullamite, whose name was Hirah.

†[Nkjv]It came to pass at that time that Judah departed from his brothers, and visited a certain Adullamite whose name was Hirah.

†[BBE]Now at that time, Judah went away from his brothers and became the friend of a man of Adullam named Hirah.

†[GNT] About that time Judah left his brothers and went to stay with a man named Hirah, who was from the town of Adullam.

†[NIV]At that time, Judah left his brothers and went down to stay with a man of Adullam named Hirah.

本会注释　　那时。本章讲述了以色列将来具有君尊的犹大支派中三个主要家族的起源。本章也显示雅各的众子因忘记他们民族的神圣使命，而面临着在迦南人的罪中灭亡的危险。要不是上帝凭着自己的怜悯进行干预，把雅各全家迁到埃及的话，选民可能会屈从于迦南习俗的腐败影响。因此创38章是以色列早期历史的一个组成部分。
　　许多圣经注释家认为“那时”是指前一章约瑟的被卖。但该词的意思非常笼统，不能局限于某一特定事件。它更有可能是指雅各在巴勒斯坦生活的整个历史时期。从时间上说，这个故事应该始于约瑟还在父亲家中的时候。
　　犹大是利亚的第四个儿子，只比约瑟大三岁左右。他在约瑟被卖时约二十岁（见@创37:2@和@创30:24@注释）。从约瑟被卖到雅各迁居埃及之间有二十二年的时间（参创41:46；45:6），所以当全家人迁至埃及的时候，犹大约四十二岁。他那时不仅已经有了创38章中所提到的三个儿子，而且显然已经是一祖父了，正如创46:12节所指出的。如果是这样，那么他的儿子珥、俄南、示拉一定在约瑟被卖之前就已经出生了，因为当他玛的事件发生时，他们均已达到了婚育年龄，而他玛的儿子法勒斯在全家人迁至埃及时已经有了他自己的两个儿子。这些因素使我们不得不推测雅各的一些儿子一定非常年轻就结婚了。犹大在其长子珥出生时可能不超过十四岁，而且珥在娶他玛时也可能不超过十三岁。犹大从媳妇他玛所生的孪生子的肯定是生于珥死后两年之内。在离开迦南之前，法勒斯生双胞胎希斯伦和哈母勒时不大可能超过十四岁。这样的早婚现今在东方的某些地区依然很常见。对于雅各家来说，这些现象可能是受迦南人的影响。上述情况说明犹大在约瑟被卖时已经结婚生子，创38章所叙述的部分事情已经发生了。
　　一个亚杜兰人。亚杜兰离伯利恒西南约21公里，现今被称为锡克玛德库废丘（Tell esh-Sheikh Madhkur），离雅各当时所居住的希伯仑西北大约也有21公里。不知何故，犹大在年青年时就来到亚杜兰。他可能是在放牧养父亲的羊群时偶然地来到了这里，与那个亚杜兰人相识并与他同住了一段时间。在约瑟被卖时（创37:26）以及当饥荒迫使他们去埃及购粮时（创43:3），犹大与其兄弟们在一起，这说明他不是永久性地离开父家。

创38:2 犹大在那里看见一个迦南人名叫书亚的女儿，就娶她为妻，与她同房， (串)代上2:3

†[吕]在那里犹大看见一个名叫书亚的迦南人的女儿（或译：拔书亚），就娶了她，进去找她。

†[思]犹大在那看见了一个名叫叔亚的客纳罕人的女儿，就娶了她，亲近了她。

†[当代]他在那里遇见了迦南人书亚人的女儿，就娶了她为妻。

†[新译]犹大在那里看见迦南人书亚的女儿，就娶了她，与她亲近。

†[Wlb]见迦南人书亚女、娶之、与之同室、

†[Xdv]犹大在那里遇见迦南人书亚的女儿，就跟她结婚。

†[Kjv]And Judah saw there a daughter of a certain Canaanite, whose name was Shuah; and he took her, and went in unto her.

†[Nkjv]And Judah saw there a daughter of a certain Canaanite whose name was Shua, and he married her and went in to her.

†[BBE]And there he saw the daughter of a certain man of Canaan named Shua, and took her as his wife.

†[GNT] There Judah met a young Canaanite woman whose father was named Shua. He married her,

†[NIV]There Judah met the daughter of a Canaanite man named Shua. He married her and lay with her;

创38:3 她就怀孕生了儿子，犹大给他起名叫珥。 (串)创46:12民26:19

†[吕]她就怀孕，生个儿子；犹大给他起名叫珥。

†[思]她遂怀孕，生了一个儿子，给他起名叫厄尔。

†[当代]他们一共生了三个儿子，他们给老大起名叫珥、老二叫俄南、小的叫示拉，示拉是在基悉出生的。

†[新译]她就怀了孕，生了一个儿子，犹大给他起名叫珥。

†[Wlb]妇妊生子、犹大名之曰珥、

†[Xdv]她怀孕，生了一个儿子；犹大给他取名珥。

†[Kjv]And she conceived, and bare a son; and he called his name Er.

†[Nkjv]So she conceived and bore a son, and he called his name Er.

†[BBE]And she gave birth to a son, and he gave him the name Er.

†[GNT] and she bore him a son, whom he named Er.

†[NIV]she became pregnant and gave birth to a son, who was named Er.

创38:4 她又怀孕生了儿子，母亲给他起名叫俄南。

†[吕]她又怀孕，生个儿子，就给他起名叫俄南。

†[思]她又怀孕，生了一个儿子，给他起名叫敖难。

†[当代]－

†[新译]她又怀孕，生了一个儿子，给他起名叫俄南。

†[Wlb]再妊生子、母名之曰俄南、

†[Xdv]她又怀孕，生了第二个儿子，取名俄南。

†[Kjv]And she conceived again, and bare a son; and she called his name Onan.

†[Nkjv]She conceived again and bore a son, and she called his name Onan.

†[BBE]And again she gave birth to a son, and he gave him the name Onan.

†[GNT] She became pregnant again and bore another son and named him Onan.

†[NIV]She conceived again and gave birth to a son and named him Onan.

创38:5 她复又生了儿子，给他起名叫示拉。她生示拉的时候，犹大正在基悉。

†[吕]她又再生个儿子，给他起名叫示拉；她生示拉的时候，犹大正在基悉。

†[思]以后她又生了一个儿子，给他起名叫舍拉；生他的时候，犹大正在革齐布。

†[当代]－

†[新译]她再怀孕，又生了一个儿子，就给他起名叫示拉。她生示拉的时候，犹大正在基悉。

†[Wlb]复妊生子、名之曰示拉、时、犹大居于基悉、

†[Xdv]她生了第三个儿子，取名示拉；示拉出生的时候，犹大在基悉。

†[Kjv]And she yet again conceived, and bare a son; and called his name Shelah: and he was at Chezib, when she bare him.

†[Nkjv]And she conceived yet again and bore a son, and called his name Shelah. He was at Chezib when she bore him.

†[BBE]Then she had another son, to whom she gave the name Shelah; she was at Chezib when the birth took place.

†[GNT] Again she had a son and named him Shelah. Judah was at Achzib when the boy was born.

†[NIV]She gave birth to still another son and named him Shelah. It was at Kezib that she gave birth to him.

本会注释　　他正在基悉。记录这个地名是为了使示拉的后裔知道他们的先祖是在哪里出生的。基悉或亚革悉（书15:44；弥1:14）可能就是现今的贝达废丘（Tell el-Beidā），位于亚杜兰的西南。

创38:6 犹大为长子珥娶妻，名叫他玛。

†[吕]犹大为他的长子珥娶了妻名叫他玛。

†[思]犹大给自己的长子厄尔娶了妻子，名叫塔玛尔。

†[当代]犹大替长子珥娶了她玛为妻。

†[新译]犹大为自己的长子珥娶妻，名叫他玛。

†[Wlb]犹大为长子珥娶室、名他玛、

†[Xdv]犹大给他的长子珥娶妻子，名叫塔玛。

†[Kjv]And Judah took a wife for Er his firstborn, whose name was Tamar.

†[Nkjv]Then Judah took a wife for Er his firstborn, and her name was Tamar.

†[BBE]And Judah took a wife for his first son Er, and her name was Tamar.

†[GNT] For his first son Er, Judah got a wife whose name was Tamar.

†[NIV]Judah got a wife for Er, his firstborn, and her name was Tamar.

本会注释　　他玛。身世不详，很可能是一个迦南女子。

创38:7 犹大的长子珥在耶和华眼中看为恶，耶和华就叫他死了。 (串)代上2:3

†[吕]犹大的长子珥、永恒主看为坏人，永恒主就使他死了。

†[思]犹大的长子厄尔行了上主所厌恶的事，上主就叫他死了。

†[当代]但主却认为珥是个恶人，于是主就把他的生命夺去。

†[新译]犹大的长子珥，在耶和华眼中是个恶人，所以耶和华取去他的性命。

†[Wlb]珥行恶于耶和华前、耶和华杀之、

†[Xdv]珥的行为邪恶，得罪上主，上主就取了他的性命。

†[Kjv]And Er, Judah's firstborn, was wicked in the sight of the LORD; and the LORD slew him.

†[Nkjv]But Er, Judah's firstborn, was wicked in the sight of the LORD, and the LORD killed him.

†[BBE]Now Er, Judah's first son, did evil in the eyes of the Lord, so that he put him to death.

†[GNT] Er's conduct was evil, and it displeased the Lord, so the Lord killed him.

†[NIV]But Er, Judah's firstborn, was wicked in the Lord 's sight; so the Lord put him to death.

创38:8 犹大对俄南说：“你当与你哥哥的妻子同房，向她尽你为弟的本分，为你哥哥生子立后。” (串)申25:5,6太22:24可12:19路20:28

†[吕]犹大对俄南说：“你要进去找你哥哥的妻子，向她尽你做弟弟的本分，为你哥哥树立后裔。”

†[思]于是犹大对敖难说：“你去与你哥哥的妻子亲近，与她尽你为弟弟的义务，给你哥哥立后。”

†[当代]犹大对俄南说：“按照我们的规矩，你哥哥死了，你就要娶她玛为妻，好替你哥哥传宗接代。”

†[新译]于是犹大对俄南说：“你去与你哥哥的妻子亲近，向她尽你作弟弟的本分，替你的哥哥立后。”

†[Wlb]犹大命俄南曰、汝其与嫂同室、以尽弟分、生子嗣兄、

†[Xdv]于是犹大对珥的弟弟俄南说：“你去跟你大嫂同，对她尽你作小叔的义务，好替你哥哥传后。”

†[Kjv]And Judah said unto Onan, Go in unto thy brother's wife, and marry her, and raise up seed to thy brother.

†[Nkjv]And Judah said to Onan, "Go in to your brother's wife and marry her, and raise up an heir to your brother."

†[BBE]Then Judah said to Onan, Go in to your brother's wife and do what it is right for a husband's brother to do; make her your wife and get offspring for your brother.

†[GNT] Then Judah said to Er's brother Onan, "Go and sleep with your brother's widow. Fulfill your obligation to her as her husband's brother, so that your brother may have descendants."

†[NIV]Then Judah said to Onan, "Lie with your brother's wife and fulfill your duty to her as a brother-in-law to produce offspring for your brother."

本会注释　　按照风俗习惯，俄南作为他玛的小叔子理应娶亡兄无子的寡妻为他立后。但俄南却不愿接受这一习俗的义务，因为长子不是归他自己的，而是要延续已故者的家系，继承其遗产。俄南的行为暴露了他对兄弟的无情和对其财产和继承权的贪心。更有，他的行为违反了神圣的婚姻制度。这是对雅各之子道德低下的令人遗憾的描述。
　　圣经这里首次提到叔娶嫂制。在其他古代民族中（如，赫梯人），也存在着不同形式的这种习俗。它被纳入摩西的律法中，并规定亡夫兄弟可以拒绝履行这一义务。但这样做被视为是可耻的，如相关的礼仪所表明的（申25:5-10）。《路得记》4:5-8节记载了这样拒绝的一个实例。

创38:9 俄南知道生子不归自己，所以同房的时候便遗在地，免得给他哥哥留后。

†[吕]俄南知道后裔将会不归自己，所以每次进去找他哥哥的妻子时，总给糟蹋在地上，免得把后裔给了他哥哥。

†[思]敖难明知后裔不归自己，所以当他与哥哥的妻子结合时，便将精液遗于地，免得给自己的哥哥立后。

†[当代]俄南知道就是生了儿子也不是属于自己的，所以，在与她玛同房的时候，他就把精液遗在地上，免得给他哥哥留后。

†[新译]俄南知道生下来的孩子不会归自己，所以每次与哥哥的妻子亲近的时候，都遗精在地上，免得替自己的哥哥立后。

†[Wlb]俄南知子不归己、不欲为兄存后、与嫂偕寝时、遗泄于地、

†[Xdv]但是俄南知道生下来的孩子不属于他，所以每次跟他大嫂同，都故意遗精在地上，避免替哥哥生孩子。

†[Kjv]And Onan knew that the seed should not be his; and it came to pass, when he went in unto his brother's wife, that he spilled it on the ground, lest that he should give seed to his brother.

†[Nkjv]But Onan knew that the heir would not be his; and it came to pass, when he went in to his brother's wife, that he emitted on the ground, lest he should give an heir to his brother.

†[BBE]But Onan, seeing that the offspring would not be his, went in to his brother's wife, but let his seed go on to the earth, so that he might not get offspring for his brother.

†[GNT] But Onan knew that the children would not belong to him, so when he had intercourse with his brother's widow, he let the semen spill on the ground, so that there would be no children for his brother.

†[NIV]But Onan knew that the offspring would not be his; so whenever he lay with his brother's wife, he spilled his semen on the ground to keep from producing offspring for his brother.

创38:10 俄南所做的在耶和华眼中看为恶，耶和华也就叫他死了。

†[吕]他所行的、永恒主看为大坏事，永恒主也叫他死了。

†[思]他作这事，为上主所厌恶，上主就叫他死了。

†[当代]主厌恶俄南的所作所为，于是就夺去他的生命。

†[新译]俄南所作的，在耶和华眼中是件恶事，所以耶和华也取去他的性命。

†[Wlb]所为不悦于耶和华、耶和华亦杀之、

†[Xdv]他这行为得罪了上主，上主也取了他的性命。

†[Kjv]And the thing which he did displeased the LORD: wherefore he slew him also.

†[Nkjv]And the thing which he did displeased the LORD; therefore He killed him also.

†[BBE]And what he did was evil in the eyes of the Lord, so that he put him to death, like his brother.

†[GNT] What he did displeased the Lord, and the Lord killed him also.

†[NIV]What he did was wicked in the Lord 's sight; so he put him to death also.

创38:11 犹大心里说：“恐怕示拉也死，象他两个哥哥一样”，就对他儿妇他玛说：“你去，在你父亲家里守寡，等我儿子示拉长大。”他玛就回去，住在她父亲家里。 (串)得1:12,13|利22:13

†[吕]犹大心里说：恐怕示拉也死，像他两个哥哥一样，就对他儿媳妇她玛说：“你要在你父亲家里守寡，等我儿子示拉长大了。”她玛就去住在她父亲家里。

†[思]犹大于是对儿媳塔玛尔说：“你回到你父亲家中去守寡，直到我儿子舍拉长大成人。”因为他心想：“恐怕他也如同他哥哥们一样死去。”塔玛尔就回去，住在自己父亲的家。

†[当代]犹大恐怕示拉会像他的两个哥哥一样死去，于是就叫她玛回娘家守寡，等到示拉长大，才跟她成婚。

†[新译]于是，犹大对他的媳妇他玛说：“你回到你父亲家里去守寡，等我的儿子示拉长大。”因为他心里想：“恐怕示拉也像他两个哥哥一样死去。”他玛就回去，住在她父亲的家里。

†[Wlb]犹大恐季子亦死、如二兄然、谓媳他玛曰、姑居父家、守志勿嫁、待吾子示拉长、遂往居父家、

†[Xdv]于是犹大对儿媳妇塔玛说：“你回娘家守寡吧，等我的儿子示拉成人。”他说这话，因为怕示拉会跟他两个哥哥一样死了。于是塔玛回娘家去了。

†[Kjv]Then said Judah to Tamar his daughter in law, Remain a widow at thy father's house, till Shelah my son be grown: for he said, Lest peradventure he die also, as his brethren did. And Tamar went and dwelt in her father's house.

†[Nkjv]Then Judah said to Tamar his daughter-in-law, "Remain a widow in your father's house till my son Shelah is grown." For he said, "Lest he also die like his brothers." And Tamar went and dwelt in her father's house.

†[BBE]Then Judah said to Tamar, his daughter-in-law, Go back to your father's house and keep yourself as a widow till my son Shelah becomes a man: for he had in his mind the thought that death might come to him as it had come to his brothers. So Tamar went back

†[GNT] Then Judah said to his daughter-in-law Tamar, "Return to your father's house and remain a widow until my son Shelah grows up." He said this because he was afraid that Shelah would be killed, as his brothers had been. So Tamar went back home.

†[NIV]Judah then said to his daughter-in-law Tamar, "Live as a widow in your father's house until my son Shelah grows up." For he thought, "He may die too, just like his brothers." So Tamar went to live in her father's house.

本会注释　　两个儿子在娶他玛后的突然死亡，使犹大不敢再让第三个儿子娶她。，他可能相信旁经《多比传》所记的一种迷信（3:7-10），认为是她本人或与她结婚导致了珥和俄南的死亡。因此他打发她回父家，应许说他最小的儿子一长大就与她结婚。但犹大从未打算履行其诺言，这一点可以从他的借口中看出来：“恐怕示拉也死，象他两个哥哥一样”。
　　示拉到了适婚的年龄却没有娶他玛，于是他玛决心借着犹大本人得子。这完全符合赫梯与亚述的习俗。赫梯人和亚述人的法律规定死者父亲在没有其他儿子的情况下要履行娶寡媳的义务。

创38:12 过了许久，犹大的妻子书亚的女儿死了。犹大得了安慰，就和他朋友亚杜兰人希拉上亭拿去，到他剪羊毛的人那里。 (串)创24:67撒下13:39|士14:1书15:10,57

†[吕]过了许多日子，犹大的妻子拔书亚死了；既停止了服丧，犹大就和他的朋友亚杜兰人希拉上亭拿去，到他群羊的剪毛人那里。

†[思]过了几年，犹大的妻子叔亚的女儿死了。丧期过后，犹大便同自己的朋友阿杜蓝人希辣，上提默纳黑去剪羊毛。

†[当代]日子一天一天的过去，犹大的妻子死了，等到守丧的日子满了，犹大就和他的朋友亚杜兰人希拉到他在亭拿的剪毛场去。

†[新译]过了很多日子，犹大的妻子，书亚的女儿死了。守丧的时间过了以后，犹大就和他的朋友亚杜兰人希拉上亭拿去，到替他羊群剪毛的人那里。

†[Wlb]久之、犹大妻书亚女死、犹大既得慰藉、与友亚杜兰人希拉往亭拿、就剪羊毛者、

†[Xdv]过了不久，犹大的妻子死了。等他守丧的时间过了，他跟他的朋友亚杜兰人希拉一起到亭拿，那里有剪羊毛的工作。

†[Kjv]And in process of time the daughter of Shuah Judah's wife died; and Judah was comforted, and went up unto his sheepshearers to Timnath, he and his friend Hirah the Adullamite.

†[Nkjv]Now in the process of time the daughter of Shua, Judah's wife, died; and Judah was comforted, and went up to his sheepshearers at Timnah, he and his friend Hirah the Adullamite.

†[BBE]And after a time, Bath-shua, Judah's wife, came to her end; and after Judah was comforted for her loss, he went to Timnah, where they were cutting the wool of his sheep, and his friend Hirah of Adullam went with him.

†[GNT] After some time Judah's wife died. When he had finished the time of mourning, he and his friend Hirah of Adullam went to Timnah, where his sheep were being sheared.

†[NIV]After a long time Judah's wife, the daughter of Shua, died. When Judah had recovered from his grief, he went up to Timnah, to the men who were shearing his sheep, and his friend Hirah the Adullamite went with him.

本会注释　　犹大已成了一个鳏夫。由于剪羊毛时要举行欢宴（见撒上25:2-11；撒下13:23），所以犹大得在哀悼期结束之后才能参加这种活动。故事中提到了他的朋友希拉陪着他，因为他在下文中将起一定的角作用（第20节）。
　　亭拿。位于犹大山地，正如“上”字所显示的。这里后来分给了犹大支派（书15:57）。今日被称为提拿（Tibnah），离亚杜兰东北约6公里。

创38:13 有人告诉他玛说：“你的公公上亭拿剪羊毛去了。”

†[吕]有人告诉他玛说：“你公公上亭拿剪羊毛去了。”

†[思]有人告诉塔玛尔说：“你公公现正上提默纳黑去剪羊毛。”

†[当代]有人告诉她玛，说她的公公到了亭拿去剪羊毛。

†[新译]有人告诉他玛说：“你的公公现在上亭拿去剪羊毛。”

†[Wlb]或告他玛曰、汝舅往亭拿剪羊毛、

†[Xdv]有人告诉塔玛，她的公公要到亭拿剪羊毛，

†[Kjv]And it was told Tamar, saying, Behold thy father in law goeth up to Timnath to shear his sheep.

†[Nkjv]And it was told Tamar, saying, "Look, your father-in-law is going up to Timnah to shear his sheep."

†[BBE]And when Tamar had news that her father-in-law was going up to Timnah to the wool-cutting,

†[GNT] Someone told Tamar that her father-in-law was going to Timnah to shear his sheep.

†[NIV]When Tamar was told, "Your father-in-law is on his way to Timnah to shear his sheep,"

创38:14 他玛见示拉已经长大，还没有娶她为妻，就脱了她作寡妇的衣裳，用帕子蒙着脸，又遮住身体，坐在亭拿路上的伊拿印城门口。 (串)本章26|本章19创24:65|本章21

†[吕]她玛见示拉已经长大，公公还没有将她给示拉为妻，就脱去做寡妇的衣服，用面帕蒙着脸，拿披服包围身体，坐在亭拿路上、伊拿印的出入口。

†[思]塔玛尔遂脱去守寡的衣服，蒙上首帕，遮掩自己，坐在通往提默纳黑大道去厄纳殷的路口上；－－原来她见舍拉已经长大，还没有娶她为妻。－－

†[当代]她玛知道虽然示拉已经长大，但却仍然没有打算要娶她。于是，她就脱下了寡妇的衣服、蒙上脸纱，坐在往亭拿路上的伊拿印城门口。

†[新译]他玛见示拉已经长大了，还没有娶她为妻，就脱去守寡的衣服，用帕子蒙脸，遮蔽自己，坐在亭拿路上，伊拿印的城门口。

†[Wlb]他玛见示拉长、而未得嫁之、乃去嫠服、以帕蒙面蔽体、坐于伊拿印邑门、在往亭拿之途侧、

†[Xdv]她就脱下守寡的丧服，用帕子蒙脸，坐在通往亭拿的伊拿印城门口；因为她明明知道犹大的幼子示拉已经成人，可是还没有来娶她作妻子。

†[Kjv]And she put her widow's garments off from her, and covered her with a vail, and wrapped herself, and sat in an open place, which is by the way to Timnath; for she saw that Shelah was grown, and she was not given unto him to wife.

†[Nkjv]So she took off her widow's garments, covered herself with a veil and wrapped herself, and sat in an open place which was on the way to Timnah; for she saw that Shelah was grown, and she was not given to him as a wife.

†[BBE]She took off her widow's clothing, and covering herself with her veil, she took her seat near Enaim on the road to Timnah; for she saw that Shelah was now a man, but she had not been made his wife.

†[GNT] So she changed from the widow's clothes she had been wearing, covered her face with a veil, and sat down at the entrance to Enaim, a town on the road to Timnah. As she well knew, Judah's youngest son Shelah was now grown up, and yet she had not been give

†[NIV]she took off her widow's clothes, covered herself with a veil to disguise herself, and then sat down at the entrance to Enaim, which is on the road to Timnah. For she saw that, though Shelah had now grown up, she had not been given to him as his wife.

本会注释　　伊拿印一定位于亚杜兰和亭拿之间，具体位置尚未认定，可能是书15:34节中提到的以楠，该城靠近亚杜兰。

创38:15 犹大看见她，以为是妓女，因为她蒙着脸。

†[吕]犹大看见她，以为她是妓女，因为她把脸蒙着。

†[思]犹大一看见她，以为她是个妓女，因为她遮盖了自己的脸。

†[当代]犹大走过的时候看见了她，因为她蒙著脸纱，就误会她是妓女，

†[新译]犹大看见她，以为她是个妓女，因为她蒙着脸。

†[Wlb]犹大见其蔽面、以为妓、

†[Xdv]犹大看见她的时候，以为她是妓女，因为她蒙着脸。

†[Kjv]When Judah saw her, he thought her to be an harlot; because she had covered her face.

†[Nkjv]When Judah saw her, he thought she was a harlot, because she had covered her face.

†[BBE]When Judah saw her he took her to be a loose woman of the town, because her face was covered.

†[GNT] When Judah saw her, he thought that she was a prostitute, because she had her face covered.

†[NIV]When Judah saw her, he thought she was a prostitute, for she had covered her face.

创38:16 犹大就转到她那里去，说：“来吧！让我与你同寝。”他原不知道是他的儿妇。他玛说：“你要与我同寝，把什么给我呢？”

†[吕]犹大就由路旁转到她跟前，说：“来吧！让我进去找你吧，他原不知道那女人就是他的儿媳妇。她玛说：“你要进来找我，要把什么给我呢？”

†[思]犹大便由路上转到她面前，向她说：“来！让我与你亲近！”他并不知她就是自己的儿媳。她答说：“你给我什么，好与我亲近？”

†[当代]于是就叫她陪自己睡觉，一点也没有察觉她是自己的儿媳妇。“你要我陪你睡觉，你给我什么代价呢？”她玛问道。

†[新译]犹大就过到她那边去，说：“来吧，让我与你亲近。”原来他不知道她就是自己的媳妇。他玛说：“你与我亲近要给我什么呢？”

†[Wlb]道旁就之曰、来、我与尔偕寝、盖不知为媳也、妇曰、与我偕寝、何以赠我、

†[Xdv]犹大不晓得她就是自己的媳妇，走到路边找她，问她：“你要多少钱？”她说：“你跟我睡觉要给我什么呢？”

†[Kjv]And he turned unto her by the way, and said, Go to, I pray thee, let me come in unto thee; (for he knew not that she was his daughter in law.) And she said, What wilt thou give me, that thou mayest come in unto me?

†[Nkjv]Then he turned to her by the way, and said, "Please let me come in to you"; for he did not know that she was his daughter-in-law. So she said, "What will you give me, that you may come in to me?"

†[BBE]And turning to her by the roadside, he said to her, Let me come in to you; for he had no idea that she was his daughter-in-law. And she said, What will you give me as my price?

†[GNT] He went over to her at the side of the road and said, "All right, how much do you charge?" (He did not know that she was his daughter-in-law.) She said, "What will you give me?"

†[NIV]Not realizing that she was his daughter-in-law, he went over to her by the roadside and said, "Come now, let me sleep with you." "And what will you give me to sleep with you?" she asked.

创38:17 犹大说：“我从羊群里取一只山羊羔，打发人送来给你。”他玛说：“在未送以先，你愿意给我一个当头吗？”

†[吕]犹大说：“我把群羊中一只山羊羔送来。”她玛说：“在未送来以前，你要不要给个当头？”

†[思]犹大答说：“由羊群中取一只小公山羊送给你。”塔玛尔说：“你未送来以前，你应给个抵押。”

†[当代]“我从羊群中选一头小山羊送给你吧。”犹大回答说。“那么，在羊羔还没有送来以前，你给我什么作凭据呢？”她玛问道。

†[新译]犹大说：“我从羊群中拿一只小山羊送给你。”他玛说：“在你没有送来以前，你可以留些东西作为保证吗？”

†[Wlb]曰、必遗群中山羊之羔、曰、羔未至、与质否、

†[Xdv]他回答：“我从我的羊群中拿一只小山羊给你。”她说：“那好，在你送山羊来以前，你要留些东西作抵押。”

†[Kjv]And he said, I will send thee a kid from the flock. And she said, Wilt thou give me a pledge, till thou send it?

†[Nkjv]And he said, "I will send a young goat from the flock." So she said, "Will you give me a pledge till you send it?

†[BBE]And he said, I will give you a young goat from the flock. And she said, What will you give me as a sign till you send it?

†[GNT] He answered, "I will send you a young goat from my flock." She said, "All right, if you will give me something to keep as a pledge until you send the goat."

†[NIV]I'll send you a young goat from my flock," he said. "Will you give me something as a pledge until you send it?" she asked.

创38:18 他说：“我给你什么当头呢？”他玛说：“你的印、你的带子，和你手里的杖。”犹大就给了她，与她同寝，她就从犹大怀了孕。 (串)本章25

†[吕]犹大说：“要给你什么当头？”她玛说：“你的印章，印带，和你手里的杖。”犹大就给了她，便进去找她；她就从犹大而怀了孕。

†[思]犹大问说：“我该给你什么作抵押？”她答说：“你的印章，你的系印带和你手中的棍杖。”犹大便交给了她，与她亲近了；她于是由他怀了孕。

†[当代]“你要什么信物呢？”“我要你的盖印、带子和你手里的杖。”犹大就把这些东西都交给她，然后就跟她睡觉了。她玛就这样怀了孕。

†[新译]犹大问：“你要我给你什么作保证呢？”他玛回答：“你的印戒，连同印的带子，以及你手里的杖。”犹大就给了她，与她亲近，她就从犹大怀了孕。

†[Wlb]曰、与尔何质、曰、尔印与绅、及手中杖、乃畀之、遂与偕寝、妇即怀妊、

†[Xdv]他问：“你要什么作抵押呢？”她说：“你的印章、印章带，和你的杖。”于是犹大把这些东西都交给塔玛。他们同；塔玛就怀孕。

†[Kjv]And he said, What pledge shall I give thee? And she said, Thy signet, and thy bracelets, and thy staff that is in thine hand. And he gave it her, and came in unto her, and she conceived by him.

†[Nkjv]Then he said, "What pledge shall I give you?" So she said, "Your signet and cord, and your staff that is in your hand." Then he gave them to her, and went in to her, and she conceived by him.

†[BBE]And he said, What would you have? And she said, Your ring and its cord and the stick in your hand. So he gave them to her and went in to her, and she became with child by him.

†[GNT] "What shall I give you as a pledge?" he asked. She answered, "Your seal with its cord and the walking stick you are carrying." He gave them to her. Then they had intercourse, and she became pregnant.

†[NIV]He said, "What pledge should I give you?" "Your seal and its cord, and the staff in your hand," she answered. So he gave them to her and slept with her, and she became pregnant by him.

本会注释　　犹大的“印”可能是一个圆柱形的印章，用一根带子系在脖子上。当时的文献表明，印章是一种很贵重的物品，任何一笔交易都需要用它。手杖上可能有装饰，以符合富有牧人的身份。在公元前十五世纪埃及王图特摩斯三世的战利品清单中，提到了手柄上雕有人头的亚细亚手杖。这种杖还在公元前十四世纪图坦卡蒙的陵墓中发现。

创38:19 他玛起来走了，除去帕子，仍旧穿上作寡妇的衣裳。 (串)本章14

†[吕]他玛起来，走了；脱去面帕，仍旧穿上寡妇的衣服。

†[思]事后，她起来回家，除掉首帕，再穿上她守寡的衣服。

†[当代]事后，她脱下脸纱，仍旧穿上寡妇的装束。

†[新译]他玛起来走了，脱去帕子，再穿上守寡的衣服。

†[Wlb]起而去、脱帕、仍衣嫠服、

†[Xdv]塔玛回娘家去，拿掉蒙脸的帕子，再穿上守寡的丧服。

†[Kjv]And she arose, and went away, and laid by her vail from her, and put on the garments of her widowhood.

†[Nkjv]So she arose and went away, and laid aside her veil and put on the garments of her widowhood.

†[BBE]Then she got up and went away and took off her veil and put on her widow's clothing.

†[GNT] Tamar went home, took off her veil, and put her widow's clothes back on.

†[NIV]After she left, she took off her veil and put on her widow's clothes again.

创38:20 犹大托他朋友亚杜兰人送一只山羊羔去，要从那女人手里取回当头来，却找不着她，

†[吕]犹大由他的朋友亚杜兰人经手、把一只山羊羔送去，要从那女人手里拿回当头，却找不着她。

†[思]犹大托自己的朋友阿杜蓝人送了一只小公山羊去，好由那女人手中取回抵押；他却找不到她，

†[当代]犹大托他的朋友亚杜兰人希拉带一头山羊羔给她玛，并且要从她那里收回信物，但希拉找不著她！

†[新译]犹大托自己的朋友亚杜兰人，把一只小山羊送去，要从那女人手中取回保证物，却找不着她。

†[Wlb]犹大托友亚杜兰人遗之羔、由妇取质、而不获见、

†[Xdv]犹大托他的朋友希拉送一只小山羊去给那女人，要向她赎回抵押的东西，但是希拉找不到她。

†[Kjv]And Judah sent the kid by the hand of his friend the Adullamite, to receive his pledge from the woman's hand: but he found her not.

†[Nkjv]And Judah sent the young goat by the hand of his friend the Adullamite, to receive his pledge from the woman's hand, but he did not find her.

†[BBE]Then Judah sent his friend Hirah with the young goat, to get back the things which he had given as a sign to the woman: but she was not there.

†[GNT] Judah sent his friend Hirah to take the goat and get back from the woman the articles he had pledged, but Hirah could not find her.

†[NIV]Meanwhile Judah sent the young goat by his friend the Adullamite in order to get his pledge back from the woman, but he did not find her.

创38:21 就问那地方的人说：“伊拿印路旁的妓女在哪里？”他们说：“这里并没有妓女。”

†[吕]就问那地方的人说：“伊拿印路旁的妓女在哪里？”他们说：“在这里并未曾有过妓女呀。”

†[思]便问当地人说：“那在厄纳殷路旁的庙妓在那？”人答说：“这从来没有庙妓。”

†[当代]希拉就问当地的人说：“你们知道那个在伊拿印路旁接客的庙妓住在哪里吗？”“这里从来都没有庙妓的。”他们回答说。

†[新译]希拉问那地方的人说：“伊拿印路旁的妓女在哪里呢？”他们回答：“这里是没有妓女的。”

†[Wlb]询居民曰、伊拿印道旁、有妓安在、曰、此地无妓、

†[Xdv]希拉问伊拿印地方的人：“路旁的那个妓女哪里去了？”他们回答：“这地方从来没有妓女。”

†[Kjv]Then he asked the men of that place, saying, Where is the harlot, that was openly by the way side? And they said, There was no harlot in this place.

†[Nkjv]Then he asked the men of that place, saying, "Where is the harlot who was openly by the roadside?" And they said, "There was no harlot in this place."

†[BBE]And he put questions to the men of the place, saying, Where is the loose woman who was in Enaim by the wayside? And they said, There was no such woman there.

†[GNT] He asked some men at Enaim, "Where is the prostitute who was here by the road?" "There has never been a prostitute here," they answered.

†[NIV]He asked the men who lived there, "Where is the shrine prostitute who was beside the road at Enaim?" "There hasn't been any shrine prostitute here," they said.

本会注释　　这里的“妓女”与第15节中的妓女（zanah一个淫荡的妇人）原文不是同一个词。第21节的“妓女”一词来自qedeshah（“献身了的人”或“奉献了的人”）。迦南人的宗教象希腊一样供养了大量男女娼妓。这种职业在迦南人当中是受人尊重的，因此希拉在询问他准备送羊羔的“妓女”时，采用了更为尊重的称呼。

创38:22 他回去见犹大说：“我没有找着她，并且那地方的人说：‘这里没有妓女。’”

†[吕]那人回去见犹大说：“我没有找着她；并且那地方的人也说：‘这里未曾有过妓女。’”

†[思]他回来对犹大说：“我找不着她，并且当地的人都说：这从来没有庙妓。”

†[当代]希拉只好回去见犹大，说找不著她，而且当地的人又说那里是没有庙妓的。

†[新译]那人回去见犹大，说：“我找不着她，并且那地的人都说：‘这里是没有妓女的。’”

†[Wlb]返见犹大曰、求之不得、居民亦言彼地无妓、

†[Xdv]希拉回到犹大那里，对他说：“我找不到她。当地的人都说，这地方从来没有妓女。”

†[Kjv]And he returned to Judah, and said, I cannot find her; and also the men of the place said, that there was no harlot in this place.

†[Nkjv]So he returned to Judah and said, "I cannot find her. Also, the men of the place said there was no harlot in this place."

†[BBE]So he went back to Judah, and said, I have not seen her, and the men of the place say that there is no such woman there.

†[GNT] He returned to Judah and said, "I couldn't find her. The men of the place said that there had never been a prostitute there."

†[NIV]So he went back to Judah and said, "I didn't find her. Besides, the men who lived there said, 'There hasn't been any shrine prostitute here.' "

创38:23 犹大说：“我把这山羊羔送去了，你竟找不着她。任凭她拿去吧，免得我们被羞辱。”

†[吕]犹大说：“你看，我把这山羊羔送去，你竟没找着她；任凭她把当头拿去做她自己吧，免得我们受贱视。”

†[思]犹大遂说：“让她留着罢！免得我们被人嗤笑。我将小公山羊送了去，可是你没有找着她。”

†[当代]犹大说：“让她留著我的东西吧，如果我们再去找她，一定会成为人家的笑柄。反正我已经把羊羔送过去了，只是找不到她罢了。”

†[新译]犹大说：“那些东西任她拿去吧，免得我们被人嗤笑。我已经把这小山羊送了去，可是你找不着她。”

†[Wlb]犹大曰、吾既托尔遗羔、不得其人、任妇得质、免我贻羞、

†[Xdv]犹大说：“那些东西给她算了，免得我们被人讥笑。我有意送她山羊，可是你找不到她。”

†[Kjv]And Judah said, Let her take it to her, lest we be shamed: behold, I sent this kid, and thou hast not found her.

†[Nkjv]Then Judah said, "Let her take them for herself, lest we be shamed; for I sent this young goat and you have not found her."

†[BBE]And Judah said, Let her keep the things, so that we may not be shamed; I sent the young goat, but you did not see the woman.

†[GNT] Judah said, "Let her keep the things. We don't want people to laugh at us. I did try to pay her, but you couldn't find her."

†[NIV]Then Judah said, "Let her keep what she has, or we will become a laughingstock. After all, I did send her this young goat, but you didn't find her."

本会注释　　犹大自觉已经履行了自己的义务，决定将其当头留给了那不知名的女子，而没有做进一步的调查，以免自己成为他人的笑柄，尽管这当头要比一只小山羊贵重得多。

创38:24 约过了三个月，有人告诉犹大说：“你的儿妇他玛作了妓女，且因行淫有了身孕。”犹大说：“拉出她来，把她烧了！” (串)利21:9申22:21约8:5

†[吕]约过了三个月，有人告诉犹大说：“你的儿媳妇做了妓女了，并且因为行淫而怀了孕呢。”犹大说：“把她拉出来，给烧死。”

†[思]大约过了叁个月，有人告诉犹大说：“你的儿媳塔玛尔与人通奸，而且因通奸有了身孕。犹大说：“把她拉出来烧死！”

†[当代]大约过了三个月，有人告诉犹大说：“你的媳妇她玛不守妇道，现在还有了身孕呢！”犹大就愤怒地说：“拉她出来，烧死她吧！”

†[新译]大约过了三个月，有人告诉犹大说：“你的媳妇他玛作了妓女，并且因此怀了孕。”犹大说：“把她拉出来，烧死她。”

†[Wlb]约越三月、或告犹大曰、尔媳他玛有淫行、今已怀妊、犹大曰、曳出焚之、

†[Xdv]大约过了三个月，有人告诉犹大：“你的媳妇塔玛当了娼妓，而且已经怀孕。”犹大怒喊：“把她拉出来，烧死她！”

†[Kjv]And it came to pass about three months after, that it was told Judah, saying, Tamar thy daughter in law hath played the harlot; and also, behold, she is with child by whoredom. And Judah said, Bring her forth, and let her be burnt.

†[Nkjv]And it came to pass, about three months after, that Judah was told, saying, "Tamar your daughter-in-law has played the harlot; furthermore she is with child by harlotry." So Judah said, "Bring her out and let her be burned!"

†[BBE]Now about three months after this, word came to Judah that Tamar, his daughter-in-law, had been acting like a loose woman and was with child. And Judah said, Take her out and let her be burned.

†[GNT] About three months later someone told Judah, "Your daughter-in-law Tamar has been acting like a whore, and now she is pregnant." Judah ordered, "Take her out and burn her to death."

†[NIV]About three months later Judah was told, "Your daughter-in-law Tamar is guilty of prostitution, and as a result she is now pregnant." Judah said, "Bring her out and have her burned to death!"

本会注释　　犹大凭着家长的权威下了这道命令。这对他来说可能是一个好机会，以便解脱让儿子娶她的义务。他玛被视为示拉的新娘；她要因失节而受到惩罚。摩西的律法对这种罪行的惩罚是用石头打死（申22:20-24）。只有对祭司的女儿或某些形式的乱伦才施以火刑（利21:9；20:14）。所以犹大的宣判比以色列法律后来的规定还要严厉。我们无法确定他是按照当时的习俗还是其他依据而行的。《汉穆拉比法典》列举了两条处以火刑的罪行。该法典第110条规定“献身者”（见@创38:21@注释）若开酒店或进酒店喝酒就要活活烧死；第25条规定小偷当被扔进其试图盗窃财物之家的火房内。

创38:25 他玛被拉出来的时候便打发人去见她公公，对他说：“这些东西是谁的，我就是从谁怀的孕。请你认一认，这印和带子并杖都是谁的？” (串)本章18

†[吕]她玛被拉出来的时候，便打发人去见她公公说：“这些东西是哪一个人的，我就是从哪一个人怀的孕”；她说：“请认一认；这印章，这印带，这手杖，都是谁的。”

†[思]当她被拉出来时，她派人到她公公那说：“这些东西是谁的，我就是由谁怀了孕。”并且说：“请你仔细看看这些东西：印章、印带和棍杖是谁的？”

†[当代]他们正要拉她玛出来，把她烧死的时候，她玛就打发人带口信给他公公，说：“这些东西的主人就是我孩子的父亲，请你看清楚这盖印的指环、带子和杖究竟是谁的？”

†[新译]他玛被拉出来的时候，派人去见她的公公说：“这些东西是谁的，我就是从谁怀了孕。”她又说：“请你认一认，这印戒、印的带子和手杖是谁的？”

†[Wlb]既出、遣人谓舅曰、我之怀妊、由于此物之主、试观此印、及绅与杖、为谁所有、

†[Xdv]她被拉出来的时候，托人告诉她公公：“我是从这些东西的主人怀了孕；你看看这印章和印章带，还有这根杖；这些东西是谁的？”

†[Kjv]When she was brought forth, she sent to her father in law, saying, By the man, whose these are, am I with child: and she said, Discern, I pray thee, whose are these, the signet, and bracelets, and staff.

†[Nkjv]When she was brought out, she sent to her father-in-law, saying, "By the man to whom these belong, I am with child." And she said, "Please determine whose these are--the signet and cord, and staff."

†[BBE]And while she was being taken out, she sent word to her father-in-law, saying, The man whose property these things are, is the father of my child: say then, whose are this ring and this cord and this stick?

†[GNT] As she was being taken out, she sent word to her father-in-law: "I am pregnant by the man who owns these things. Look at them and see whose they are - this seal with its cord and this walking stick."

†[NIV]As she was being brought out, she sent a message to her father-in-law. "I am pregnant by the man who owns these," she said. And she added, "See if you recognize whose seal and cord and staff these are."

本会注释　　在宣判他玛宣判的同时，犹大不知不觉地定了自己的罪。他的罪不仅包括放纵情欲，而且包括违背他对他玛诺言（第11节）。这使他不得不亲自承担受他玛欺骗的责任。他的第一个错误是公然违背原则与迦南人结婚（参创24:3；28:1；34:14）。另外他肯定知道儿子的罪恶；却并没有从他们的暴死中看到上帝的圣手，反倒埋怨他玛，并决定让她永远作为一个无后的寡妇。

创38:26 犹大承认说：“她比我更有义，因为我没有将她给我的儿子示拉。”从此犹大不再与她同寝了。 (串)撒上24:17|本章14

†[吕]犹大承认说：“她理直、我输她，因为我没有将她给了我的儿子示拉”；从此犹大就不再和她同房了。

†[思]犹大仔细一看，就说：“她比我更有理，因为我尚没有将她嫁给我的儿子舍拉。”他从此以后，再没有认识她。

†[当代]犹大认出是自己的物件，就说：“是我理亏了，因为我没有履行诺言，让示拉迎娶她。”犹大从此就不再与她同睡了。

†[新译]犹大认出那些东西，就说：“她比我更有理，因为我没有把她给我的儿子示拉为妻。”从此犹大就不再与她亲近了。

†[Wlb]犹大承之、曰、我不嫁之与子示拉、妇犹贤于我也、嗣后犹大不复近之、

†[Xdv]犹大认得这些东西，就说：“她有理。我没有对她尽应尽的义务；我本应该叫我的儿子示拉跟她结婚。”从此以后，犹大就不再跟她同。

†[Kjv]And Judah acknowledged them, and said, She hath been more righteous than I; because that I gave her not to Shelah my son. And he knew her again no more.

†[Nkjv]So Judah acknowledged them and said, "She has been more righteous than I, because I did not give her to Shelah my son." And he never knew her again.

†[BBE]Then Judah said openly that they were his, and said, She is more upright than I am, for I did not give her to Shelah my son. And he had no more connection with her.

†[GNT] Judah recognized them and said, "She is in the right. I have failed in my obligation to her - I should have given her to my son Shelah in marriage." And Judah never had intercourse with her again.

†[NIV]Judah recognized them and said, "She is more righteous than I, since I wouldn't give her to my son Shelah." And he did not sleep with her again.

本会注释　　犹大不得不承认自己的罪。正如在针对约瑟的阴谋中一样，他再次在其有时不体面的行为之下表现出几分公正和真诚的精神。他坦率的认罪，他以后对他玛的态度，他把他玛所生的儿子养育成人，其中一个儿子有幸成为基督先祖的一员──这一切都说明他自身彻底的转变。他的品格比他的兄长更为高尚，所以有了担任家族领袖的资格，并使他的后裔在以色列人中为首（见创49:3,4,8-10）。

创38:27 他玛将要生产，不料她腹里是一对双生。

†[吕]到快生产的时候，竟发现她腹中是一对双子呢。

†[思]到了她要生产的时候，腹中竟是一对双胎。

†[当代]时候到了，她玛生下了一双孪生婴孩。

†[新译]到了他玛将要生产的时候，腹中竟是一对双胎。

†[Wlb]妇临产、知其孪生、

†[Xdv]到了产期，她才知道她怀的是双胞胎。

†[Kjv]And it came to pass in the time of her travail, that, behold, twins were in her womb.

†[Nkjv]Now it came to pass, at the time for giving birth, that behold, twins were in her womb.

†[BBE]And when the time came for her to give birth, it was clear that there were two children in her body.

†[GNT] When the time came for her to give birth, it was discovered that she was going to have twins.

†[NIV]When the time came for her to give birth, there were twin boys in her womb.

创38:28 到生产的时候，一个孩子伸出一只手来；收生婆拿红线拴在他手上，说：“这是头生的。”

†[吕]在生产中，一个孩子伸出一只手来；助产妇拿朱红线系在他手上，说：“这是先出来的。”

†[思]她正生产时，一个胎儿伸出一手来，收生婆就拿了一根朱红线系在他手上说：“这个是先出生的。”

†[当代]生产的时候，其中一个婴儿先伸出手来，接生的就把一条红线系在他的手上，说：“他是先出生的。”

†[新译]她正在生产的时候，一个孩子伸出一只手来。接生婆拿了一根朱红线，系在他的手上，说：“这一个是先出生的。”

†[Wlb]产际、其一出手、收生者以绛丝系之、曰、此首出也、

†[Xdv]她阵痛的时候，一个胎儿伸出一只手来；接生婆抓着它，系上红线，说：“这一个是先出生的。”

†[Kjv]And it came to pass, when she travailed, that the one put out his hand: and the midwife took and bound upon his hand a scarlet thread, saying, This came out first.

†[Nkjv]And so it was, when she was giving birth, that the one put out his hand; and the midwife took a scarlet thread and bound it on his hand, saying, "This one came out first."

†[BBE]And while she was in the act of giving birth, one of them put out his hand; and the woman who was with her put a red thread round his hand, saying, This one came out first.

†[GNT] While she was in labor, one of them put out an arm; the midwife caught it, tied a red thread around it, and said, "This one was born first."

†[NIV]As she was giving birth, one of them put out his hand; so the midwife took a scarlet thread and tied it on his wrist and said, "This one came out first."

创38:29 随后这孩子把手收回去，他哥哥生出来了；收生婆说：“你为什么抢着来呢？”因此给他起名叫法勒斯。 (串)创46:12民26:20代上2:4太1:3

†[吕]随后这孩子正要把手收回去，他哥哥就出来了。那妇人说：“你这一下子突围而出、多厉害阿！”就给孩子起名叫法勒斯。

†[思]但是他一收回手去，他的兄弟就出生了；收生婆说：“你为自己开了个怎样的裂口！”遂给他起名叫培勒兹。

†[当代]可是那婴儿随后却把手缩回去，倒是另一个婴儿先生出来了，接生的惊奇地说：“你怎么抢先出来了！”因此，那孩子的名字便叫法勒斯，就是抢先出来的意思。

†[新译]他把手收回去的时候，他的哥哥就出来了。接生婆说：“你为什么抢着出来呢？”因此，给他起名叫法勒斯。

†[Wlb]手入、其他出矣、收生者曰、尔何自坼、故命名法勒斯、

†[Xdv]可是他把手缩回去，他的兄弟却先出来。于是接生婆说：“你就是这样抢着出来的！”就给孩子取名叫法勒斯（希伯来语的意思是：抢着出来的）。

†[Kjv]And it came to pass, as he drew back his hand, that, behold, his brother came out: and she said, How hast thou broken forth? this breach be upon thee: therefore his name was called Pharez.

†[Nkjv]Then it happened, as he drew back his hand, that his brother came out unexpectedly; and she said, "How did you break through? This breach be upon you!" Therefore his name was called Perez.

†[BBE]But then he took his hand back again, and his brother came first to birth: and the woman said, What an opening you have made for yourself! So he was named Perez.

†[GNT] But he pulled his arm back, and his brother was born first. Then the midwife said, "So this is how you break your way out!" So he was named Perez.

†[NIV]But when he drew back his hand, his brother came out, and she said, "So this is how you have broken out!" And he was named Perez.

本会注释　　他玛儿子的名字都是依据他们出生时的趣事。孪生兄弟出生的顺序与起先相反。收生婆批评第二个儿子：“你为什么抢着来呢？”，即“你知道怎么抢先”。这孩子便依据收生婆话取名为法勒斯（“抢出来”）。尽管收生婆不看他为长子，但他在家谱中总排列谢拉之前（创46:12；民26:20等）。他成了大卫王的先祖（得4:18-22），弥赛亚也是从他而出的（太1:3-16）。

创38:30 后来，他兄弟那手上有红线的也生出来，就给他起名叫谢拉。 (串)创46:12民26:20代上2:4太1:3

†[吕]后来他弟弟、那手上有朱红线的、也出来了；就给他起名叫谢拉。

†[思]以后，那手上系有朱红线的兄弟也出生了，遂给他起名叫则辣黑。

†[当代]后来，那个手上系有红线的孩子也出生了，他的名字叫谢拉，是光明的意思。

†[新译]接着，手上系着一根朱红线的弟弟也出来了。因此，给他起名叫谢拉。

†[Wlb]其手系绛丝者后出、命名谢拉、

†[Xdv]接着他的兄弟生出来，手上系着红线，因此取名叫谢拉（希伯来语的意思是：红色）。

†[Kjv]And afterward came out his brother, that had the scarlet thread upon his hand: and his name was called Zarah.

†[Nkjv]Afterward his brother came out who had the scarlet thread on his hand. And his name was called Zerah.

†[BBE]And then his brother came out, with the red thread round his hand, and he was named Zerah.

†[GNT] Then his brother was born with the red thread on his arm, and he was named Zerah.

†[NIV]Then his brother, who had the scarlet thread on his wrist, came out and he was given the name Zerah.

本会注释　　谢拉。带有红线的孪生兄弟起名为谢拉，意思是“兴起”。

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